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Theory of Architecture: Architect and Urban Planner

This document provides an introduction to architecture and its elements of design. It discusses how architecture originated from Greek words meaning great builder. It can be defined as durability, utility and beauty. The key influences on architecture are discussed according to George Salvan. The elements of design - space, line, form, texture, and pattern - are then explained in detail. Space acts as the foundation for interior design and can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Different line types convey different meanings. Form is created by combining shapes. Texture refers to surface qualities and can be visual or tactile. Patterns comprise repetitive designs considered a design unit.

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Riz Ann Papa
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114 views50 pages

Theory of Architecture: Architect and Urban Planner

This document provides an introduction to architecture and its elements of design. It discusses how architecture originated from Greek words meaning great builder. It can be defined as durability, utility and beauty. The key influences on architecture are discussed according to George Salvan. The elements of design - space, line, form, texture, and pattern - are then explained in detail. Space acts as the foundation for interior design and can be two-dimensional or three-dimensional. Different line types convey different meanings. Form is created by combining shapes. Texture refers to surface qualities and can be visual or tactile. Patterns comprise repetitive designs considered a design unit.

Uploaded by

Riz Ann Papa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Lecture 01

Don Johnson Lontoc


Architect and Urban Planner
INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE

• Originated from the Greek word Architekton

• Archi – great tekton – builder.

• Architecture should be technically efficient


and aesthetically pleasing.
ARCHITECTURE

Can be defined as durability , utility and beauty


at the right time and right cost.
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
De Architectura
ARCHITECTURE

Architecture is a discipline, a profession and a


state of mind.

Anthony Antoniades
Poetics of Architecture
GENERAL INFLUENCES IN
ARCHITECTURE

As per George Salvan


GENERAL INFLUENCES
GENERAL INFLUENCES
GENERAL INFLUENCES
GENERAL INFLUENCES
FUNCTIONAL, AESTHETIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
FUNCTIONAL, AESTHETIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
FUNCTIONAL, AESTHETIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
III. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

The relationship among the elements of a design give it


individuality. In order to look at a design as a whole, we must
consider the pattern or interrelationship among them.

We should be conscious of the visual characteristics of things


and how they relate to aesthetic quality of our environment.

Each of these elements contribute to the overall design and its


effect.
1. SPACE

• Is the primary means by which we distinguish one form from


another

• Space acts as a foundation on which the entire interior design


plan is built.

• Space is divided into two types namely – Two Dimensional


Space which covers the floor (includes length and width) and
Three Dimensional Space which forms the living space
(includes length, width and height).
BASIC GEOMETRIC SHAPES
WHEN EXTENDED INTO 3-D, THE PRIMARY SHAPES
GENERATE
WHEN EXTENDED INTO 3-D, THE PRIMARY SHAPES
GENERATE
IN DESIGN WE PREFER RECTANGULAR
SHAPES BECAUSE THEY ARE:

•Easily measured
•Easily drawn
•Easily manufactured
•Fits well in construction
2. LINE
POINT: Is the generator of all forms. It is static and
directionless. When point moves it makes a LINE.

HORIZONTAL LINES
1. Stability
2. Strength
3. Plane upon which we stand or move

VERTICAL LINES REPRESENT:

1. State of equilibrium with force of gravity.


DIAGONAL LINES REPRESENT:
• Rising and Falling
• Movement
• Active and Dynamic

CURVED LINES REPRESENT:


• Gentle movement
• Uplifting or solidity and attachment to earth
• Curves can express playfulness, energy, or pattern of
biological growth
• Without line there is no definition of shape. Lines
articulate edges of planes and corners of volume.

• Line is essential in the formation of any visual


construction.

• Lines create textures and pattern.


A composition with too much of any one type of
LINE may become uninteresting or unpleasant; but
emphasizing one type promotes them.
PLANE has 2 dimensions: WIDTH & LENGTH but
has NO DEPTH
PLANAR FORMS ARE FUNDAMENTAL
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE

VOLUME: Is a plane extended in a direction other


than along its surface
Visible form gives space:
• DIMENSION
• SCALE
• COLOR
• TEXTURE
PLANAR FORMS ARE FUNDAMENTAL
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE

VOLUME: Is a plane extended in a direction other


than along its surface
3. FORM

-Forms mean shapes in general, an outline of any three


dimensional object in the space.

-Forms can be created by combining two or more


shapes and can be accentuated with the help of other
elements like texture, patterns and colors.

-There are two types of forms – Geometric (man-


made) and Natural (organic)
Space and line is
required to achieve a
goof form.
Forms are categorized
as open and closed;
open forms are those
that can be looked into
and closed forms are
those that are enclosed
by a closed surface.
4. TEXTURE

• Refers to the quality of a surface because of its 3-D structure.

• Smoothness or roughness of a surface


Texture adds depth and interest into a living space and
defines the feel/appearance and consistency of a
surface.
•Texture is broadly classified into two types – Visual
Texture where the texture is only visible and Actual
Texture *Tactile where the texture is both seen and
felt.

•The characteristic surface qualities of familiar


materials such as stone, wood, fabric
Anything that has to do with textiles such as pillow cover, bed
spreads or anything to do with covers like drapes, wall paint or
wallpapers have a texture

While there must be a dominant texture to define a mood, a


contrasting texture must also be included to avoid monotony.
PHYSICAL REACTIONS GIVEN TO THE TEXTURE
QUALITY OF A SURFACE DIFFER ACCORDING TO:

I) SCALE: The finer the scale of a texture, the smoother it


becomes
II) VIEWING DISTANCE: From farther distance, texture
looks smoother
III) LIGHT: How much light a surface reflects, gives
information about it smoothness
5. Pattern

• Patterns could be of any shape and mostly comprise


of attractive and repetitive designs.

•An artistic or decorative design esp. one having a


characteristic arrangement and considered as a unit.

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