Ideal Gas Laws

GAY
BOYLE’S CHARLES AVOGADR

LUSSAC’
LAW ’ LAW O’S LAW
S LAW
CONSTANT: CONSTANT: CONSTANT: CONSTANT:

Temperature pressure volume pressure and
Pressure is volume is Pressure is temperature
inversely directly directly volume is
proportional to proportional to proportional to directly
Volume temperature temperature proportional to
Formulated by: Formulated by: Formulated by: number of moles
Robert Boyle Formula: Robert Boyle Formulated by:
Formula: Formula: amedeo
avogadro
Formula:
IDEAL GAS LAW
Also called the general gas
Pressure and volume have an
equation
inverse relationship with each other
The equation of state of a
but have a direct relationship with
hypothetical ideal gas
Temperature
A good approximation of the
It was first stated by Emile
behavior of many gases under
Clapeyron in 1834 as a
many conditions, although it has
combination of the empirical
several limitations.
Boyle’s law, Charles’ law,
It was created to show the
Avogadro’s law and Gay-Lussac’s
relationship between pressure,
law.
volume, number of moles of gas
and temperature
.
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
was a French engineer and physicist, one
of the founders of thermodynamics
He was born on January 26, 1799 at Paris,
France
In 1834, he made his first contribution to
the creation of modern thermodynamics
by publishing a report entitled Mémoire
sur la puissance motrice de la chaleur
(Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat), in
which he developed the work of the
physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot,
deceased two years before.
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
In 1842 Clapeyron published his findings
on the "optimal position for the piston at
which the various valves should be
opened or closed."
In 1843, Clapeyron further developed
the idea of a reversible process, already
suggested by Carnot and made a
definitive statement of Carnot's principle,
what is now known as the second law of
thermodynamics.
WHERE:
IDEAL GAS P- PRESSURE
V- VOLUME
LAW N- NUMBER OF
EQUATION: MOLES
R-0.0821 (GAS
PV-nRT CONSTANT)
T- tEMPERATURE
IDEAL GAS
There is no ideal gas. An ideal gas is just an idealized model
of real gases; real gases follow ideal gas behavior if their
density is low enough that the gas molecules don’t interact
much, and when they do they interact they undergo elastic
collisions, with no loss of kinetic energy.
An ideal gas is one that follows the gas laws at all conditions
of temperature and pressure. To do this, the gas would need
to completely abide by the kinetic molecular theory.
PROPERTIES OF AN
IDEAL GAS
P An ideal gas consists of a large
R number of identical molecules.
O The volume occupied by the
P molecules themselves is negligible
compared to the volume occupied
E by the gas.
R The molecules obey Newton's laws
T of motion, and they move in random
motion.
P The molecules experience forces only
R during collisions; any collisions are
completely elastic, and take a negligible
O amount of time.
P Real gas does not behave according to the
assumption of kinetic molecular theory,
E However, there are instances that real gas
R tend yo behave very Much Like ideal gas.
T This happens when the gas is under the
condition of high temperature and low
DERIVATION
THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS TO DERIVE THE
IDEAL GAS LAW, BUT THE SIMPLEST WAY IS TO
USE THE 3 SIMPLE GAS LAWS.
AVOGADRO’S
LAW STATES BOYLE’S LAW CHARLES’ LAW
THAT THE STATES THAT STATES THAT
WE CONVERT WE REPLACE K
VOLUME OF A THE VOLUME THE VOLUME THIS CAN BE
IF WE COMBINE THE WITH THE
GAS IS OF A GAS IS OF A GAS IS REARRANGED
THESE LAWS, PROPORTIO- UNIVERSAL GAS
DIRECTLY INVERSELY DIRECTLY TO GIVE THE
WE GET NALITY TO AN CONSTANT R
PROPORTIONAL PROPORTIONAL PROPORTIONAL IDEAL GAS LAW
EQUALITY AND GET
TO THE TO ITS TO ITS
NUMBER OF PRESSURE. TEMPERATURE.
MOLES.
V  n + V  1/P + V  T = V Nt/P → V=knT/P→ V=Nrt/P→ PV=nRT

SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1. HOW MANY MOLECULES ARE THERE IN 985 ML
−4
OF NITROGEN AT 0.0C AND 1.00X 10 mmHg?
GIVEN:
P= 1.00X 10−4 mmHg
SOLUTION:
V= 985 ML PV=nRT
n=PV/RT
T= 0.0C+273= 273K N= (1.00X 10−4 )
R= 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K
n=?
1. CALCULATE THE MASS OF 15.0L OF NH3 AT 27C
AND 900 mmHG?
GIVEN:
P= 900 mmHg
V= 15 L
T= 27C+273= 300K
R= 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K
n=?
APPLICATIONS
REFRIGERATOR AIR BAG

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GAY

BOYLE’S CHARLES AVOGADR

CONSTANT: CONSTANT: CONSTANT: CONSTANT:

V  n + V  1/P + V  T = V Nt/P → V=knT/P→ V=Nrt/P→ PV=nRT

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