SPRINGBOARD

A VICARIOUS
E P
ACTIVITY
1920’
XPERIENCE OF THE HILIPPINES IN S
ACTIVITY 1
 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
• Finished LAW , Northwestern University in Evanston,
Illinois (PENSIONADO) & passed the bar in 1911
GOVERNMENT POSTS:
• 1911- ASSISTANT ATTORNEY, Bureau of Justice &
later rose to the rank of Attorney General
• 1921- UNDERSECRETARY OF JUSTICE but gave up the
position at the height of the cabinet crisis in 1923
• CHIEF LEGAL COUNSEL, Office of the Senate
President and the Speaker of the House of
Representative (It was during this time when he
San Fernando, Pampanga
joined the Anti-Wood campaign.)
PARENTS:
Vicente Abad Santos • 1932- ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme Court and
Toribia Basco became CHIEF JUSTICE 9 years later
• 1942- ACTING PRESIDENT of the Commonwealth
Government
’S
BACKGROUND
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 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
• Finished LAW , Indiana University (PENSIONADO)

GOVERNMENT POSTS:
• 1911- LAW CLERK in the Executive Bureau
• CLOSE ASSOCIATE of Manuel L. Quezon and served as
one of his speech writers
• 1942-1944- ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme
Court
OTHER EXPERIENCES:
• FULL PROFESSOR of Law and ACTING DEAN of the
Gerona, Tarlac
College and PRESIDENT of the University of the
PARENTS:
Tranquilino Bocobo Philippines from 1934 to 1939
Rita Teodora Tabago

’S
BACKGROUND
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 Filipinos’ DEMAND FOR
INDEPENDENCE since

CONTEXT 1898 from USA

APPOINTMENT OF
FRANCIS BURTON
HARRISON as Governor
General

Passage of the JONES

LAW in 1916

RETIREMENT ACT
passed in 1915

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 FILIPINIZATION of the

CONTEXT
bureaucracy

DEFEAT OF THE
DEMOCRATS in the
1920 US presidential
election

WOOD-FORBES Mission

PRESIDENT HARDING
APPOINTED WOOD
Governor General of the
Philippines.

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WOOD in his governorship
(1921-1927) did the
following:
MONITORED
STRENGTHENED closely the
the powers and activities of the
jurisdiction of local politicians
the governor & corrected
general VETOED some of their
numerous bills misconducts
that the
Philippine
APPOINTED legislature
American passed
military men in
key positions
under the
executive branch
(Khaki cabinet)

CONTEXT
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WOOD’s reforms and
his reassertion of
American sovereignty
did not sit well with
QUEZON and other
FILIPINO POLITICIANS.

CONTEXT
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The anti-Wood sentiment
of Filipino politicians
ruptured on July 21,
1923.
Gov. Wood
Wood TRIED winning
REINSTATED back the support
Ray Conley of those Filipino
Senate Pres. officials
Quezon & Spkr
Manuel Roxas
RESIGNED as
Man. Mayor members of the
Ramon Council of State
Fernandez and
Justice Sec. Jose
P. Laurel
TENDERED
resignation

CONTEXT
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 The document Filipino
Grievances Against
Governor Wood has the
following
CRITICAL ISSUES:

ANALYSIS
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ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS POLITICAL
1-4, 6-15, 20
The 21 other abuses and
unjust acts of Governor
General Wood can be
clustered into 3. SOCIAL
16, 18, 21

ECONOMIC
5, 17, 19

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 POLITICAL GRIEVANCES
He has refused to assent to laws which
were the most wholesome and
necessary for the public good.
He has reversed the policy of
Filipinizing the service of the
government by appointing Americans
even when Filipinos of proven capacity
were available.
Your Date Here

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He rendered merely perfunctory the power of
the Legislature to pass the annual appropriation
law by reviving items in the law of the preceding
year, after vetoing the correspondent items of
the current appropriation act, in flagrant
violation of the Organic Law.
He has, in the administration of affairs in
Mindanao, brought about a condition, which
has given rise to discord and dissension
between certain groups of Christian and
Mohammedan Filipinos.
Your Date Here

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He has adopted the practice of
intervening in, and controlling
directly, to its minute details, the
affairs of the Philippine
Government, both insular and
local, in violation of self-
government.
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He has set at naught both the legal authority
and responsibility for the Philippine heads of
departments.
He has substituted his constitutional advisers
for a group of military attaches without legal
standing in the government and not responsible
for the people.
He has made appointments to positions and
authorized the payment of salaries therefor
after having vetoed the appropriations for such
salaries.
Your Date Here

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He has used certain public funds to grant
additional compensation to public officials in
clear violation of the law.
He has arrogated upon himself the right of
exercising the powers granted by law to the
Emergency Board after abolishing said board on
the ground that its powers involved an unlawful
delegation of legislative authority.
He has unduly interfered in the administration
of justice.

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He has refused to obtain the advice
of the Senate in making appointments
where such advice is required by the
Organic Act.
He has refused to submit the Senate
appointment for vacancies occurring
during the recess of the Legislature in
contravention of the Organic Act.

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He has continued in office
nominees whose appointments
had been rejected by the Senate.
He has usurped legislative
powers by imposing conditions on
legislative measure approved by
him.

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 Social Grievances
He has by his policies strained relations
between resident Americans and
Filipinos.
He has sanctioned the campaign of
insidious propaganda in the United
States against the Filipino people and
their aspirations.
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 He has insistently sought the
amendment of our land laws
approved by the Congress of the
United States, which amendment
would open up the resources of the
country to exploitation by predatory
interests

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 Economic
He has obstructed the carrying out of national
economic policies duly adopted by the
Legislature, merely because they are in conflict
with his personal views.
He has endeavored, on the pretext of getting
the government out of business, to dispose of
all the companies capitalized by the government
worth many millions of the people’s money to
powerful American interests.

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He has attempted to close
the Philippine National Bank
so necessary to the economic
development of the country.

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The last paragraph of the
document states that they
are issuing it to APPEAL to
the judgment and
conscience of the
American people to
SUPPORT their stand and
UPHOLD their political
rights.

ANALYSIS
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 Document Analysis
Analyzing the Document while Examining
Related Published Researches ACTIVITY 2
1. Students work in a team of 5 members.
2. Each team is expected to-
a. READ 7 related published researches.
b. EXAMINE both consistencies and
inconsistencies of the researches along
with the document presented.
c. WRITE a three-page paper to present
analysis of the researches.

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 Document Analysis
Analyzing the Document while Examining
Related Published Researches ACTIVITY 2
PHILIPPINE STUDIES TITLE
ISSUE
Vol 12, No 4 (1964) Leonard Wood as Governor General: A Calendar of Selected Correspondence.
Part 3- Michael Onorato
Vol 12, No 2 (1964) Leonard Wood As Governor General: A Calendar of Selected
Correspondence, Part 2- Michael Onorato
Vol 12, No 1 (1964) Leonard Wood as Governor General: A Calendar of Selected
Correspondence- Michael Onorato
Vol 13, No 4 (1965) Leonard Wood As Governor General: A Calendar of Selected
Correspondence, Part 4- Michael Onorato
Vol 14, No 2 (1966) Leonard Wood as Governor General: A Calendar of Selected Correspondence,
A Postscript- Michael Onorato
Vol 20, No 1 (1972) Onorato: Leonard Wood as Governor General- John N. Schumacer
Vol 38, No 1 (1990) Leonard Wood, by Onorato- Josefina Dalupan Hofileña

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It PROMOTES understanding of Philippine History
from FILIPINO PERSPECTIVE.

It REMINDS that independence is achieved through

DIPLOMATIC AND NONVIOLENT MEANS.

It SHOWS that by the 1920’s Filipinos had already

the confidence to debate on EQUAL FOOTING with
top ranking American colonial officials.

RELEVANCE
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POLITICIANS when working for the common good
have to SET ASIDE THEIR PERSONAL AND POLITICAL
INTERESTS AND FORM A UNITED STAND.

One’s POLITICAL POST should not be used to

enrich oneself at the EXPENSE OF THE
GOVERNMENT AND ITS PEOPLE.

Not all POLITICAL CRITICS are clean and with

noble intention as some of them EMPLOY
DIVERSIONARY TACTICS to direct the attention of
the people away from their CORRUPT PRACTICES.

RELEVANCE
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 FINDING Connections
Paralleling the relevance of the document
with a select Philippine political issue ACTIVITY 3
1. Students work in a team of 5 members.
2. Each team has to research and select a political
issue starting from Marcos presidency to the
current administration. The issue has to be
similar with the document presented.
3. Teams are expected to-
a. Examine a political issue and relate it with
the document presented.
b. Present results of examination in a panel
discussion.

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 PRESENTATION & CONTENT DESIGNERS
Social Sciences Professors from Region 2
(Cagayan Valley) and Region 5 (Bicol)

NAVAL, ERWIN D. AYO, RUBY ANN L. DELFINO, ARMANDO F. DEL ROSARIO, FE YOLANDA CORPUZ, HERBERT S.
Saint Mary’s University Bicol University Universidad de San Isabel Saint Mary’s University University of Saint Louis
Bayombong Legaspi City Naga City Bayombong Tuguegarao City

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