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Addition of Vectors: Combining Vector Components

The document discusses adding vectors by resolving them into rectangular components. It explains that to find the resultant of multiple forces, each force is resolved into x- and y-components which are then summed. The magnitude and direction of the resultant is calculated from the summed components. Rectangular components in 3D space are defined using direction cosines between the vector and each axis.

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Vaibhav Gupta
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211 views10 pages

Addition of Vectors: Combining Vector Components

The document discusses adding vectors by resolving them into rectangular components. It explains that to find the resultant of multiple forces, each force is resolved into x- and y-components which are then summed. The magnitude and direction of the resultant is calculated from the summed components. Rectangular components in 3D space are defined using direction cosines between the vector and each axis.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addition of Vectors

Combining Vector Components


Unit Vector
Magnitude of 1
and a direction

î, ĵ, k̂
Rectangular coordinates in
3-D
A vector connecting two
points
Rectangular Components of a
Force
• May resolve a force vector into perpendicular
components so that the resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. Fx and Fy are referred to as rectangular
vector components and
  
F  Fx  Fy
 
• Define perpendicular unit vectors i and j which are
parallel to the x and y axes.

• Vector components may be expressed as products of


the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of the
vector components.
  
F  Fx i  Fy j

Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of F
Addition of Forces
• Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more
concurrent forces,
   
R  PQ S

• Resolve each force into rectangular components


       
Rx i  R y j  Px i  Py j  Qx i  Q y j  S x i  S y j
 Px  Qx  S x i  Py  Q y  S y  j
 

• The scalar components of the resultant are equal


to the sum of the corresponding scalar
components of the given forces.
Rx  Px  Qx  S x R y  Py  Q y  S y
  Fx   Fy
• To find the resultant magnitude and direction,
1 R y
R  Rx  R y
2 2
  tan
Rx
Sample Problem 1

SOLUTION:
• Resolve each force into rectangular
components.

• Determine the components of the


resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.

• Calculate the magnitude and direction


Four forces act on bolt A as shown.
of the resultant.
Determine the resultant of the force
on the bolt.
Solution -- Sample Problem 1
• Resolve each force into rectangular components.
force mag x  comp y  comp
F1 150  129.9  75.0
F2 80  27.4  75.2
F3 110 0  110 .0
F4 100  96.6  25.9
Rx  199.1 R y  14.3

• Determine the components of the resultant by


adding the corresponding force components.
• Calculate the magnitude and direction.
R  199.12  14.32 R  199.6 N
14.3 N
tan     4.1
199.1 N
Rectangular Components in
Space

  • Resolve Fh into
• The vector F is • Resolve F into rectangular components
contained in the horizontal and vertical Fx  Fh cos
plane OBAC. components.
 F sin  y cos
Fy  F cos y
Fy  Fh sin 
Fh  F sin  y
 F sin  y sin 
Rectangular Components in
Space


• With the angles between F and the axes,
Fx  F cos x Fy  F cos y Fz  F cos z
   
F  Fx i  Fy j  Fz k

  
 F cos x i  cos y j  cos z k

 F
   
  cos x i  cos y j  cos z k
 
•  is a unit vector along the line of action of F
and cos x , cos
  y , and cos z are the direction
cosines for F

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