Scribd
Upload
162 views14 pages

Surface Integrals

This document discusses surface integrals. Surface integrals integrate functions over a surface S defined by an equation z=g(x,y). The surface integral can be converted into a double integral over the plane region D bounded by S. Surface integrals of vector fields use the normal vector to the surface. The flux of a vector field F across an oriented surface S is calculated as the surface integral of F dotted with the normal vector n.

Uploaded by

Gulab Jan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
162 views14 pages

Surface Integrals

This document discusses surface integrals. Surface integrals integrate functions over a surface S defined by an equation z=g(x,y). The surface integral can be converted into a double integral over the plane region D bounded by S. Surface integrals of vector fields use the normal vector to the surface. The flux of a vector field F across an oriented surface S is calculated as the surface integral of F dotted with the normal vector n.

Uploaded by

Gulab Jan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Section 16.

7 Surface Integrals
Surface Integrals
We now consider
integrating
functions over a
surface S that lies
above some plane
region D.
Surface Integrals
Let’s suppose the surface S is described by z=g(x,y)
and we are considering a function f(x,y,z) defined on S

The surface integral is given by:

 f ( x, y, z)dS
S

Where dS is the change in the surface AREA!


More useful:

 f ( x, y, g ( x, y)) 1
 g  g dA
2 2
x y
D

dS

i.e. we convert a surface integral into a standard


double integral that we can compute!
Example
Evaluate
 f ( x, y, z)dS
S

Where f ( x, y, z )  y  2 yz
2

And S is the portion of the plane 2x+y+2z=6


in the first octant.
Surface Integrals
• We still need to discuss surface integrals
of vector fields…but we need a few new
notions about surfaces first….
• Recall the vector form of a line integral
(which used the tangent vector to the
curve):

C
 F  r' (t )dt
For surface integrals we will make use of the
normal vector to the surface!
Normal vector to a surface
• If a surface S is given by z=g(x,y), what
is the normal vector to the surface at a
point (x,y,g(x,y)) on the surface?

Let G ( x, y, z ) z  g ( x, y ), then the unit normal


G G
vector is n  or n  
G G
(Think : G(x, y, z)  0 represents S as
a level surface in three variables )
Definition: Oriented Surface
• Suppose our surface has a tangent plane
defined at every point (x,y,z) on the
surface
• Then at each tangent plane there are
TWO unit normal vectors with n1 = -n2
• If it is possible to choose a unit normal
vector n at every point (x,y,z) so that n
varies continuously over S, we say S is an
oriented surface
Example

Remark: An oriented surface has two distinct sides

Positive orientation
Negative orientation
Surface Integrals of Vector Fields
• If F is a continuous vector field defined on an
oriented surface S with unit normal vector n,
then the surface integral of F over S is


S
F  dS   F 
S
ndS

This is often called the flux of F across S


Using our knowledge of the normal
vector and the surface area, this
can be simplified…
 F  dS   F  ndS
S S

G z z
2 2
  F    1dA
D
G x y

G z z
2 2
  F    1dA
z
2
z
2 x y
 1
D

x y
  F  GdA
D
i.e. a more simplified look at this…

 F  dS   F  ndS   F  GdA
S S D

Where G ( x, y, z ) z  g ( x, y )
and F  x, y, g ( x, y )
An application
If  ( x, y, z ) is the density of a fluid that is
moving through a surface S with velocity given
by a vector field, F(x,y,z), then

  ( x, y, z)F  ndS
S

Represents the mass of the fluid flowing


across the surface S per unit of time.
Example
Let S be the portion of the paraboloid
z  4  x2  y 2
Lying above the xy-plane oriented by an upward
normal vector. A fluid with a constant density is
flowing through the surface S according to the
velocity field F(x,y,z) = <x,y,z>. Find the rate of
mass flow through S.

You might also like