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    Samuel Sanchez, Samuel Garzon & Juan Jose Barrero

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    Amphibians are a class of animals that live both on land and in water. They hatch from eggs in water as gilled larvae and later transform on land. Amphibians have soft, moist skin and undergo a two-stage life cycle from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. There are three main orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.

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    Samuel Sanchez, Samuel Garzon & Juan Jose Barrero

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    39 views15 pages
    Amphibians are a class of animals that live both on land and in water. They hatch from eggs in water as gilled larvae and later transform on land. Amphibians have soft, moist skin and undergo a two-stage life cycle from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. There are three main orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.

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    Amphibians are a class of animals that live both on land and in water. They hatch from eggs in water as gilled larvae and later transform on land. Amphibians have soft, moist skin and undergo a two-stage life cycle from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. There are three main orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views15 pages

    Samuel Sanchez, Samuel Garzon & Juan Jose Barrero

    Uploaded by

    samuel
    Amphibians are a class of animals that live both on land and in water. They hatch from eggs in water as gilled larvae and later transform on land. Amphibians have soft, moist skin and undergo a two-stage life cycle from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults. There are three main orders of amphibians: frogs and toads, salamanders and newts, and caecilians.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Amphibians

    Samuel Sanchez, Samuel Garzon & Juan Jose Barrero


    Amphibians
    Kingdom:
    Animalia

    Phylum:
    Chordata

    Subphylum:
    Vertebrata

    Class:
    Amphibia
    What are they?
    Amphibians are a class of animals, like
    reptiles, mammals, and birds. They live the
    first part of their lives in the water and the
    last part on the land. When they hatch from
    their eggs, amphibians have gills so they
    can breathe in the water. They also have
    fins to help them swim, just like fish. Later,
    their bodies change, growing legs and lungs
    enabling them to live on the land. The word
    "amphibian" means two-lives, one in the
    water and one on land.
    What do they eat?
    Adult amphibians are carnivores and predators. They eat a variety of food
    including spiders, beetles, and worms. Some of them, like frogs, have long
    tongues with sticky ends that they flick out to catch their prey.
    General Characteristics
     They are ectotherms (often referred to as cold-blooded).

     Amphibians have soft, generally moist skin and don’t have scales.

     Their eggs do not have shells and so they must be laid in water or a damp
    environment to keep them from drying out and essentially dying

     Amphibians go through a two-stage life cycle. When an amphibian


    hatches it is in a gilled larval form. In frogs and toads, this larva is called
    a tadpole. After a few weeks or months, the larvae transform into the
    adult form, however, it may still take a few years for it to become mature.
    Phylogenetic tree
    Classes of amphibians includes three
    Orders:
     Anura (frogs and toads) – around
    5,800 species

     Caudata or Urodela (newts and


    salamanders) – about 580 species

     Gymnophiona or Apoda (caecilians) –


    about 170 species
    Morphology
     The skin absorbs water, which is
    smooth and slippery due to the
    presence of mucus and always
    maintains a moist condition.
     Dorsal side is olive green in color and
    ventral side is uniformly pale yellow.
     Body is divisible into the head and the
    trunk.
     The body of a frogs has a pair of
    nostrils, bulged eyes covered by
    nictitating membrane, a membranous
    tympanum (ear), forelimbs and hind
    limbs, webbed digit in feet.
     Frogs exhibit sexual dimorphism, with
    vocal sacs and copulatory pad on the
    first digit of the fore limbs in males.
    Physiology
    Circulatory system:
     Frogs have a well-developed
    muscular heart with three
    chambers- two atria and one
    ventricle. Blood and lymph help in
    the transportation of food, air and
    other substances throughout the
    body via the network of blood
    vessels. The blood is composed of
    plasma and blood cells (RBC,
    WBC, and platelets).
    Physiology
    Digestive system:
     The alimentary canal together with the
    accessory organs makes up the digestive
    system of the frog. Since frogs are
    carnivorous they have a short intestine. The
    alimentary canal begins with the mouth
    (buccal or oral cavity), passes through the
    pharynx, esophagus or food pipe, stomach,
    small intestines, large intestines, rectum and
    finally ending at the cloaca. The food
    particles get digested gradually as they travel
    through various compartments of the
    alimentary canal.
    Physiology
    Respiratory system:
     The amphibian has two modes of
    respiration – cutaneous respiration and
    pulmonary respiration. In an aquatic
    ecosystem, the skin is the respiratory
    organs, where the diffusion of dissolved
    oxygen takes place. This is called
    cutaneous respiration. While on land,
    they use both the skin and the lungs for
    respiration. During pulmonary
    respiration, air entering through nostrils
    passes to the lungs via the buccal cavity.
    But during summer and winter sleep,
    they only use the skin for respiration.
    Physiology
    Excretory system:
     The frog is a ureotelic animal whose
    major excretory product is urea.
    They have a distinguishable
    excretory system composed of a pair
    of kidneys, ureters, cloaca and
    urinary bladder. The kidneys have
    the structural unit called nephron
    which filters the blood and sorts out
    the waste.
    Physiology
    Coordination system:
     The nervous system and the endocrine system together perform the control and
    coordination in frogs. The endocrine system is composed of the endocrine glands
    such as pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pineal body, pancreatic islets,
    adrenals, and gonads. The secretions of these glands are called hormones are
    responsible for metamorphism and other regulatory functions.

     The nervous system is divided into CNS and PNS. The brain is distinguished as
    forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain which control different parts of the body. The
    brain is enclosed in the cranium and the vertebral column protects the spinal cord.
    Physiology
    Reproductive system:
     Both male and female frogs have their own reproductive system where gametes for
    reproduction are produced. Male frog has testes which produce sperms and eject it through the
    cloaca. In a female frog, a pair of ovaries produce ovum and pass it to oviduct which opens
    into the cloaca. The cloaca is a common pathway for excretion and reproduction. At a time,
    2500 to 3000 eggs are laid which are fertilized externally.
    Bibliography
     BYJU'S. (02 of 10 of 2016). BYJU'S. Obtained from Frogs Morphology Anatomy: https://byjus.com/biology/frogs-
    morphology-anatomy/

     Evans S.E. (2009) Evolution and Phylogeny of Vertebrates. In: Binder M.D., H. N. (s.f.).

     ExamFear (12 of 05 of 2017). ExamFear Obtained from Morphology & Anatomy of Frog:
    https://www.examfear.com/notes/Class-11/Biology/Structural-Organisation-In-Animals/2747/Morphology-&-
    Anatomy-of-Frog-.htm

     flouriemae26. (23 of 07 of 2015). SlideShare Obtained from Amphibians:


    https://es.slideshare.net/flouriemae26/amphibians-50848954

     S, B. (n.d.). Zoology Notes Obtained from Respiratory System of Frog (With Diagram) | Vertebrates | Chordata |
    Zoology: http://www.notesonzoology.com/frog/respiratory-system-of-frog-with-diagram-vertebrates-chordata-
    zoology/8200

     Woods, J. (2016). SlidePlayer Obtained from Reptile and Amphibian Species, Care, and Management Evan Faison
    Heritage High School Animal Science 2: Small Animal .: https://slideplayer.com/slide/10941959/

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