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1.introduction of Earth Science

Earth science is the study of the Earth and its place in the universe. It includes the study of geology, meteorology, oceanography, astronomy and environmental science. Scientists use the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, developing hypotheses, conducting experiments, and stating conclusions. The Earth is made up of four main systems - the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Scientists develop conceptual and mathematical models to represent natural systems and processes. While technology helps solve problems, it can also create new pollution issues if not implemented sustainably.

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1K views34 pages

1.introduction of Earth Science

Earth science is the study of the Earth and its place in the universe. It includes the study of geology, meteorology, oceanography, astronomy and environmental science. Scientists use the scientific method, which involves making observations and measurements, developing hypotheses, conducting experiments, and stating conclusions. The Earth is made up of four main systems - the geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Scientists develop conceptual and mathematical models to represent natural systems and processes. While technology helps solve problems, it can also create new pollution issues if not implemented sustainably.

Uploaded by

IvanReyes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to Earth

Science!
INTRODUCTION
TO
EARTH SCIENCE
I. What is Earth Science?
 the study of the Earth and the
universe around it.

 thestudy of Earth systems and


systems in space; including weather
and climate systems, and the study
of nonliving things such as rocks,
oceans, and planets.
The Importance of Earth Science
 An understanding of natural
forces can help predict potential
disasters

We also need to


understand
conservation of
natural resources
The Scope of Earth Science:
1. Astronomy: the study of
objects beyond Earth’s
atmosphere.
 Theoldest
branch of Earth
Science.
2. Meteorology: the study of
Earth’s atmosphere.

 Weather
Forecasters
 Tornado
Chasers
3. Geology: the study of the
origin, history, and structure of
Earth.
4. Oceanography: the study of
the life and properties of Earth’s
oceans.
 JACQUES COUSTEAU
- was a French naval
officer, explorer,
conservationist ,
filmmaker, innovator,
scientist, photographer,
author and researcher who
studied the sea and all
forms of life in water.
How much
of our Earth
is covered
by OCEAN
water?
almost three-fourths!
5. Environmental Science: the
study of the interactions of
organisms and their
surroundings.
B. Earth’s Systems
1. Geosphere: the area from the
surface of Earth down to its
center.
 Three main parts:
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Core
 Inner core
 Outer core
2. Atmosphere: the blanket of gases
that surrounds our planet.
3. Hydrosphere: all the water on
Earth.
4. Biosphere: all organisms on
Earth and the environments in
which they live.
II. Methods of Scientists

Scientific Methods: series


of organized problem-solving
procedures that help scientists
conduct experiments.

There are five (5) steps to


the SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
1. State the Problem, or…Ask a
Question?
 Observation: use of senses to
gather information about the
world.
2. Gather Information
 To investigate a problem, one must
gather information…

 Measurement: comparing some aspect


of an object with a standard unit.

• inches, feet, miles ounces, pounds, tons


Accuracy and Precision
Precision: how close a
measurement is to the true
value of the thing being
measured

Accuracy: the exactness of


the measurement
3. Form a Hypothesis
 Hypothesis: a possible solution to a
problem (an educated guess)
4. Test the Hypothesis

 Experimentation:
procedure carried
out to prove or
disprove a
hypothesis.
(a) Independent Variable: variable
that you, the experimenter,
changes
(b) Dependent Variable: variable
that is affected by changes in the
independent variable; factor being
measured (depends on the
independent variable)
(c) Constants – things that never
change during the experiment
5. State a Conclusion
After many experiments and
observations, the
hypothesis is either proved
or disproved…
Scientific FACT

-acontrolled, repeatable
and rigorously verified
observation
Scientific THEORY:

- an explanation based on many


observations during repeated
investigations
- the best available explanation of
a phenomenon
- a hypothesis that is supported
by the experiments
- may change with the discovery
of new data
Scientific LAW

- a theory that is proven every time


it is tested
- describes the behavior of a natural
phenomenon
- a ‘rule of nature’
- cause of the law may not be known
- describes things; does not explain
them
- accepted based on observations or
experiments
Observations and Models
A model is a representation,
description, or imitation of an object,
system, process, or concept

1. Conceptual model: verbal or graphical


(represents how a system works)
2. Mathematical model: equations
Scientific Advancements
 The main goal of technology is to solve
human problems
Problems with Technology
 New technology can lead to new
pollution problems
 Example:
1. we generate more waste
2. excess deforestation
3. increase in power consumption
4. excess use of gadgets
III. Communication in Science

labreports
graphs
models
Lets continue….

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