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Electronic Circuits and Devices

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) The diode is in forward bias since the anode is at a higher potential than the cathode. It will conduct. 2) Use Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) around the loop: Vbattery - VD - VO = 0 12V - 0.7V - VO = 0 VO = 11.3V Therefore, the output voltage VO is 11.3V.

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Mark Eric
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59 views27 pages

Electronic Circuits and Devices

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) The diode is in forward bias since the anode is at a higher potential than the cathode. It will conduct. 2) Use Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) around the loop: Vbattery - VD - VO = 0 12V - 0.7V - VO = 0 VO = 11.3V Therefore, the output voltage VO is 11.3V.

Uploaded by

Mark Eric
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

and DEVICES
POP QUIZ
1. Differentiate Intrinsic Semiconductor from Extrinsic
Semiconductor

2. What is a Majority Carrier? What is a Minority Carrier?

3. What are the most common Trivalent Elements.

4. Semiconductors are commonly made up of what


element/compound?

5. What is Doping.
SEMICON DIODE
SEMICON DIODE

Schematic Symbol Block Symbol

 2 terminal diode
 Non linear device
 Ideally conducts in one direction
SEMICON DIODE

A K
+ -
Anode Terminal Cathode Terminal
SEMICON DIODE
SEMICON DIODE

Depletion region refers to a region where flow of charge carriers


are decreased over a given time and finally results in empty mobile
charge carriers or full of immobile charge carriers
SEMICON DIODE

A diode has three operating conditions:

1. No Bias
2. Reverse Bias
3. Forward Bias
SEMICON DIODE

NO BIAS (V= 0V)


• No external voltage is applied:
VD = 0 V

• No current is flowing: ID = 0 A

• Only a modest depletion


region exists
SEMICON DIODE

REVERSE BIAS (V< 0V)


• External voltage is applied across
the p-n junction in the opposite
polarity of the p- and n-type
materials.

• The reverse voltage causes the


depletion region to widen.
SEMICON DIODE

FORWARD BIAS (V> 0V)


• External voltage is applied across
the p-n junction in the same
polarity as the p- and n-type
materials.

• The electrons and holes have


sufficient energy to cross the p-n
junction
SEMICON DIODE

FORWARD BIAS (V> 0V)


Voltage Bias for different materials

• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) ≅ 1.2 V

• Silicon Diode (Si) ≅ 0.7 V

• Germanium Diode (Ge) ≅ 0.3 V


SEMICON DIODE

IDEAL vs PRACTICAL

Practical Diode Ideal Diode


SEMICON DIODE

CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
I–V curve (current–voltage curve) are generally used as a tool to
determine and understand the basic parameters of a component
or device and which can also be used to mathematically model its
behavior within an electronic circuit
SEMICON DIODE

DIODE IV CURVE
When the forward voltage
exceeds the diodes P-N
junctions internal barrier
voltage, which for silicon is
about 0.7 volts, avalanche
occurs and the forward
current increases rapidly for a
very small increase in voltage
producing a non-linear curve.
SEMICON DIODE
TEMPERATURE EFFECT
As temperature increases it adds energy to the diode.

• It reduces the required voltage for forward bias conduction.


• Increases the amount of reverse current in the reverse bias condition.
• It increases maximum reverse bias avalanche voltage.

Germanium diodes are more sensitive to temperature variations than


silicon or gallium arsenide diodes.
SEMICON DIODE
NOTATIONS
SEMICON DIODE
NOTATIONS
SEMICON DIODE
ZENER DIODE
A zener is a diode operated in
reverse bias at the zener voltage (VZ).

Common Zener voltages are between


1.8 V and 200 V
SEMICON DIODE
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
An LED emits photons when it is forward
biased. These can be in the infrared or
visible spectrum.

The forward bias voltage is usually in the


range of 2 V to 3 V.
DIODE APPLICATIONS
EXAMPLE
Determine the current I for the following configuration:
EXAMPLE
Determine the current I for the following configuration:
EXAMPLE
Determine the current I for the following configuration:
EXAMPLE
Determine VO and ID for following networks:
EXAMPLE
Determine VO and ID for following networks:
EXAMPLE
Determine VO for following network:

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