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Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Using Determinants

This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using determinants. It defines a determinant as a square array of numbers with vertical bars on both sides. Cramer's rule provides a formula for solving systems of two linear equations in two unknowns using determinants. The formulas for finding x and y fail when the denominator of the determinant is equal to 0, indicating the system is dependent or inconsistent. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving systems of linear equations using Cramer's rule and determinants.

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Gilda Evangelista Castelo
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16K views7 pages

Solving Systems of Linear Equations by Using Determinants

This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using determinants. It defines a determinant as a square array of numbers with vertical bars on both sides. Cramer's rule provides a formula for solving systems of two linear equations in two unknowns using determinants. The formulas for finding x and y fail when the denominator of the determinant is equal to 0, indicating the system is dependent or inconsistent. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving systems of linear equations using Cramer's rule and determinants.

Uploaded by

Gilda Evangelista Castelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR

EQUATIONS BY USING
DETERMINANTS
 DETERMINANT – is a square array of numbers with vertical bars on both
sides.

= a₁b₂ - a₂b₁

The left side is the notation for the two – by – two determinant, and the
right side is the corresponding algebraic expression. This algebraic
expression is sometimes called the expansion of the determinant. The real
numbers a₁, a₂, b₁ and b₂ are the ELEMENTS of the determinant.

 EXAMPLE 1. Evaluate each determinant.


a. b.
 Solution
Use the expansion of the determinants.

a. = (-2)(4) – (3)(1) = -8 – 3 = -11

b. = (2)(-6) – (-3)(4) = -12 + 12 = 0

Note that in b, the elements of the second row (4 and -6) are multiples
of the elements of the first row, respectively.
The solution to the system
a₁x + b₁y = c₁
a₂x + b₂y = c₂

maybe solved for x and y using:


 
 Y =
X=
When the determinants are evaluated, the resulting expression may be
used as a formula for finding the solution of any system of linear equations in
two unknowns. This method of solving systems of linear equations is known as
the CRAMER’S RULE.
 Cramer’s Rule

The solution of the independent – consistent system of linear equations

a₁x + b₁y = c₁
a₂x + b₂y = c₂

Is given by

x= y=

Note that the formulas fail when the denominator a₁b₂ - a₂b₁ is equal to 0, or
when a₁b₂ = a₂b₁. This situation occurs when the system is inconsistent or
dependent.
 EXAMPLE 3. Solve each system using determinants.
a. x + y = 6 b. 2x - y + 7 = 0
x–y=2 x = -3y
c. y = 2x + 3 d. 2x + y – 4 = 0
4x – 2y = 5 x+ y=2

 SOLUTION
a. The equations are in the desired form.
a₁ =1, b ₁= 1, c₁ = 6
a₂ = 1, b₂ = -1 c₂ = 2

x= == =4

y= = = =2

The solution is (4, 2).


b. Rewrite the equations in standard form and find the value of a₁, b₁, a₂
and b₂
2x – y = -7 a₁ = 2 b₁ = -1 c₁ = -7
X + 3y = 0 a₂ = 1 b₂ = 3 c₂ = 0
 Using the Cramer’s Rule

x = = == -3

y= == =1
The solution is (-3, 1)

c. The given system in the desired form is


2x – y = -3 a₁ = 2 b₁ = -1 c₁ = -3
4x – 2y = 5 a₂ = 4 b₂ = -2 c₂ = 5
 Using the Cramer’s Rule

x = = = (Undefined)

y = = = (Undefined)
The process yields undefined values for x and y. The system is
INCONSISTENT. So there is no SOLUTION.

d. The given system in the desired form is


2x + y = 4 a₁ = 2 b₁ = 1 c₁= 4
x+½y=2 a₂ = 1 b ₂= ½ c₂ = 2
 Using the Cramer’ rule

x = = = (Indeterminate)

y = = = (Indeterminate)
The process yields indeterminate forms for x and y. The system is dependent.
Then, the given system has an infinite number of solutions.
SEATWORK:
y – 5 = -8x
y – 3 = -6x
 SOLUTION:

8X + Y = 5 a₁ = 8 b₁ = 1 c₁ = 5
6X + Y = 3 a₂= 6 b₂ = 1 c₂ = 3

x= == =1

y = = = = -3

The solution is (1, -3).

CHECKING:
y – 5 = -8x y – 3 = -6x
-3 – 5 = -8(1) -3 – 3 = -6(1)
-8 = -8 -6 = -6

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