CONCRETE MATERIALS
PRESENTED BY-
HIRAK JYOTI BARMAN(DHE/17/CV/052)
SURAJ AICH(DHE/17/CV/010)
SHIBAM SARKAR(DHE/17/CV/033)
JADUMONI DUTTA(DHE/17/CV/019)
DHRUBAJYOTI SAIKIA(DHE/17/CV/014)
AMARJYOTI DUTTA(DHE/17/CV/058)
KIRANJIT DAFLARY(DHE/17/CV/066)
Introduction: What is concrete?
Types of concrete
Factors affecting concrete strength
Advantages & disadvantages of concrete
Properties of concrete
Components of modern concrete
Application of concrete
summery
To give brief information about concrete.
Concrete-properties, composition.
Cement-types of cement . Mostly used cement.
Concrete is mainly composed of Portland cement,
aggregate(filler), water and chemical admixtures.
concrete= filler+binder
Concrete is versatile construction material.
The name concrete comes from the Latin word “concretus”
(meaning compact or condenced).
Concrete solidifies and hardeness after mixing with water
and placement due to a decimal process known as hydration.
The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other
components together ,eventually creating a stone like
material.
Portland cement:
Coarse aggregate:
Fine aggregate:
Admixture:
Based on weight , concrete can be classified into four categories:
Ultra light weight concrete(1200kg/m^3)
Light weight concrete(<1800kg/m^3)
Normal weight concrete(2400kg/m^3)
Heavy weight concrete(>3200kg/m^3)
Based on strength , concrete can also be classified can also be classified into four
categories:
Low-strength concrete<20 Mpa compressive strength
Moderate-strength concrete 20-50 Mpa compressive strength
High-strength concrete 50-200 Mpa compressive strength
Ultra high –strength concrete >200MPa compressive strength
Water/cement ratio
Age and curing condition
Aggregates
Admixtures
More economical
Ability to be cast
More energy efficient
Excellent resistance to water
High temperature resistance
Fire resistance
Aesthetic properties
Ability to consume waste
Ability to work with reinforcing steel
Low tensile strength
Lower ductility
Volume instability
Formwork is needed
Low toughness
Long curing time
Concrete has relativity high compressive strength, but significantly lower
tensile strength.
The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but
starts decreasing higher stress levels as matrix cracking devlops.
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal exapnsion,and as it
matures concrete shrinks.
All concrete structures will crack to some extent,due to shrinkage and
tension.
Concrete can be damaged by fire aggregate expansion ,sea waer effects ,
bacterial corrosion , leaching, physical damage and chemical damage.
Aggregates
Portland cement
Admixtures
water
Aggregate is the granular ,material such as sand, gravel,crushed stones
crushed blast furnace slag or construction and demolition waste that is
used with a cementing medium to produce either concrete or mortar
Aggregate should be inert and strong and it forms the skeleton of matrix
60-70% by volume 25-40% paste & 1-2% voids.
All aggregates must be essentially free of silt and/or organic matter.
According to particle size different aggregate can be classified into
two categories:
Coarse aggregate(size >4.75 mm to 50 mm)
Fine aggregate(size <4.75 mm)
Most commonly used cement is called portland cement pateted in 1824
in England.
Portland cement is a finely ground calcium silicate and calcium aluminate
of various composition, which hydrates when mixed with water to form
initially a plastic mass and end as a rigid continuous structure , with good
compressive strength.
Cement contains lime stone , clay,
cement rock and iron ore blended
and heated to 1200 to 1500c◦ ,
Gypsum is added to control setting time.
Dicalcium silicate (C2S) is the main binder
phase of Portland cement.
Process flow diagram:
Admixtures are ingredients other than Portland cement , water, and
aggregates.
Admixtures are added to the concrete mixture immediately before or
during mixing.
The use of admixtures in concrete is now widespread due to many
benefits.
It reduces the amount of water
requirement in concrete.
It control the setting behaviour
of concrete.
It also improves the workability,
durability & strength of the concrete.
Water is the most essential ingrdient in concrete.
It should be good enough i.e , free of organic matter
and excessive chemicals and minerals.
The strength and other properties of concrete are
highly dependent on the amount of water and the
water-cement ratio.
Concrete is a versatile construction material.
Nowadays every structure made up by modern concrete.
Dams , bridges , buildings , towers , toboggans , curbs
canoes , murals , statues , submarines , mountains ,
foundations have been created with the help of concrete.
Concrete is a composite material and highly versatile construction
material, well suited for many structural applications.
It is a mixture of Portland cement , water, aggregates, and in some cases,
admixtures.
Strength, durability, and many other factors depend on the relative
amounts and properties of the individual components.
Different types of concrete are there , but nowadays ready mix concrete
becomes popular due to many advantages .
The strength of concrete highly dependent on water and water-cement
ratio and also the curing condition, type of aggregate and type of
admixtures used.
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Concrete Technology (M.S. SHETTY & A.K. JAIN)
