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"Air Pollution and Its Control Measure": Submitted By

This document summarizes Aditya Deshmukh's seminar on "Air Pollution And Its Control Measure" presented at the Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research. It defines air pollution, describes major air pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides and hydrocarbons. It discusses the health effects of air pollution and measures to control it, including activated carbon filters, biofiltration, fuel switching, use of cleaner fuels and nuclear power. The conclusion emphasizes the need to appropriately control air pollution using available technologies to limit health impacts.

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Aditya Deshmukh
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40 views19 pages

"Air Pollution and Its Control Measure": Submitted By

This document summarizes Aditya Deshmukh's seminar on "Air Pollution And Its Control Measure" presented at the Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research. It defines air pollution, describes major air pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides and hydrocarbons. It discusses the health effects of air pollution and measures to control it, including activated carbon filters, biofiltration, fuel switching, use of cleaner fuels and nuclear power. The conclusion emphasizes the need to appropriately control air pollution using available technologies to limit health impacts.

Uploaded by

Aditya Deshmukh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

SEMINAR

“Air Pollution And Its Control Measure”

Submitted by,
Aditya Deshmukh
B.E 4th year

Guided by,
Prof. N.A. Wankhade

VIDHARBHA YOUTH’S WELFARE SOCIETY


PROF. RAM MEGHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Air pollution and it’s
control measures
Contents

o Abstract
o Atmosphere as a resource
o Types and Sources of Air Pollution
o Major Classes of Air Pollutants
o Effects of Air Pollution
o Controlling Air Pollution
Abstract
Air pollution are basically the foreign material in the air—can be
manmade or occur naturally, and are concentrated where people are
concentrated. Pollution is injurious to health and its prevention places
an economic burden on the citizen. Further emission reductions from
automobiles, and transportation measures and programs will be more
difficult to accomplish, but the challenge has been presented. The aim
is to understand the innovation activity in the technology domain and
the different ways to observe patterns in relation to diffusion of
innovation in different jurisdictions . Paper highlights various countries
on the priority list of industry technologies for protection and
exploitation of developed technologies. Suggestions for future
adopted technologies for air pollution control adopted under Indian
criterion is also suggested.
Atmosphere as a Resource
o Atmospheric
Composition
• Nitrogen 78.08%
• Oxygen 20.95%
• Argon 0.93%
• Carbon dioxide 0.04%
o Ecosystem services
• Blocks UV radiation
• Moderates the
climate
• Redistributes water in
the hydrologic cycle
Types and Sources of Air Pollution
o Air Pollution
• Chemicals added to the atmosphere by natural
events or human activities in high enough
concentrations to be harmful
o Two categories
• Primary Air Pollutant
• Harmful substance that is emitted directly into the
atmosphere
• Secondary Air Pollutant
• Harmful substance formed in the atmosphere when
a primary air pollutant reacts with substances
normally found in the atmosphere or with other air
pollutants
Major Classes of Air Pollutants

o Particulate Material
o Nitrogen Oxides
o Sulfur Oxides
o Carbon Oxides
o Hydrocarbons
o Ozone
Particulate Material

o Thousands of different solid or liquid


particles suspended in air
• Includes: soil particles, soot, lead, asbestos,
sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets
o Dangerous for 2 reasons
• May contain materials with toxic or
carcinogenic effects
• Extremely small particles can become lodged in
lungs
Nitrogen and Sulfur Oxides

o Nitrogen Oxides
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions
between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at
high temperature
• Problems
• Greenhouse gases
• Cause difficulty breathing
o Sulfur Oxides
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions
between sulfur and oxygen
• Causes acid precipitation
Carbon Oxides and Hydrocarbons

o Carbon Oxides
• Gases carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon
dioxide (CO2)
• Greenhouse gases
o Hydrocarbons
• Diverse group of organic compounds that
contain only hydrogen and carbon (ex: CH4-
methane)
• Some are related to photochemical smog and
greenhouse gases
Ozone

o Tropospheric Ozone
• Man- made pollutant in the lower atmosphere
• Secondary air pollutant
o Stratospheric Ozone
• Essential component that screens out UV
radiation in the upper atmosphere
• Man- made pollutants (ex: CFCs) can destroy it
Effects of Air Pollution
o Low level exposure
• Irritates eyes
• Causes inflammation of respiratory tract
o Can develop into chronic respiratory
diseases
Health Effects of Air Pollution
o Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate material
• Irritate respiratory tract and impair ability of
lungs to exchange gases
o Nitrogen Dioxides
• Causes airway restriction
o Carbon monoxide
• Binds with iron in blood hemoglobin
• Causes headache, fatigue, drowsiness, death
o Ozone
• Causes burning eyes, coughing, and chest
discomfort
Children and Air Pollution

o Greater health threat to children than


adults
• Air pollution can restrict lung development
• Children breath more often than adults
o Children who live in high ozone areas are
more likely to develop asthma
Measures to Control Air Pollution
 Activated carbon is one of the most popular forms of air
pollution control. This type of control involves the use of a
pollution filter, carbon, to reduce the amount of pollutants
that are allowed to escape into the air. When in use, these
filters absorb pollutants helping to cleanse the air of any
possible toxins.
 Biofiltration is another effective type of air pollution control.
It uses microorganisms, often bacteria and fungi, to dissolve
pollutants. Industries that employ biofiltration systems
include food and waste plants, pharmaceutical companies,
and wastewater management facilities. While this method of
air pollution control works rather well, a large space is
required in order to operate a biofiltration system. Many
industries do not have this amount of available space, so this
method is often disregarded.
Measures to Control Air Pollution
Change in Fuel: This technique involves the use of less polluting
fuel to reduce air pollution. Use of low sulfur fuel instead of high
sulfur fuel by electric utilities is an example of this method.
Remember that low sulfur fuel is much more expensive than high
sulfur fuel.
The other choice for an electric utility can be the use of natural
gas as a fuel. Fuel switching based on meteorological conditions
or air pollution forecasts have been used to prevent air pollution
problem in many areas.
Nuclear power plants are relatively pollution free when
compared to the coal fired power plants. However, they have been
subjects of controversy in their overall environmental impact.
Conclusion
o From this it is clear that we have numerous ways of controlling
air pollution. The only thing require is to use it inappropriate
form. This ppt represents the different technologies that are
employed in various industryand the use of different fuels that
are immanent for the solution of air pollution.Air pollution
involves spate of pollutants which creates a lot of chronic and
acute diseases in human being so we have to put the foreign
particles within the constraint of standard limit. So we have
come under a conclusion that the best technologies given for
controlling NOX,VOC,SO2, Mercury are given in the above
presentation

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