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Cooling of Transformer: Unit 3 Electrical Machine Design

>33kV <1000kVA 100 150 100 500 33kV – 220kV 1000-5000kVA 125 175 125 525 >220kV All ratings 150 200 150 600

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Yazid Abouchihabeddine
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131 views13 pages

Cooling of Transformer: Unit 3 Electrical Machine Design

>33kV <1000kVA 100 150 100 500 33kV – 220kV 1000-5000kVA 125 175 125 525 >220kV All ratings 150 200 150 600

Uploaded by

Yazid Abouchihabeddine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cooling of Transformer

Unit 3
Electrical Machine Design
Cooling of transformers
 Losses in transformer-Converted in heat energy.
 Heat developed is transmitted by,
 Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation
The paths of heat flow are,
From internal hot spot to the outer surface(in contact with oil)
From outer surface to the oil
From the oil to the tank
From tank to the cooling medium-Air or water.
Cooling of transformers
Methods of cooling:
1. Air Natural (AN)-upto 1.5MVA
2. Air Blast (AB)
3. Oil natural (ON) – Upto 10 MVA
4. Oil Natural – Air Forced (ONAF)
5. Oil Forced– Air Natural (OFAN) – 30 MVA
6. Oil Forced– Air Forced (OFAF)
7. Oil Natural – Water Forced (ONWF) – Power plants
8. Oil Forced - Water Forced (OFWF) – Power plants
Cooling of transformers
Transformer Oil as Cooling Medium

 Specific heat dissipation


1
due to convection is,
  4
conv  40.3  W / m 2 .0 C
H
where,  - Temperatur e difference of the surface relative to oil, 0C
H  Height of dissipatin g surface, m
 The average working temperature of oil is 50-600C.
 For   200C & H  0.5 to 1m,
conv  80 to 100 W/m 2 .0 C.
 The value of the dissipation in air is 8 W/m2.0C. i.e, 10 times less
than oil.
Cooling of transformers
Temperature rise in plain walled tanks

 Transformer wall dissipates heat in radiation & convection.


 For a temperature rise of 400C above the ambient temperature of 200C, the
heat dissipations are as follows:
 Specific heat dissipation by radiation,rad=6 W/m2.0C
 Specific heat dissipation by convection, conv=6.5 W/m2.0C
 Total heat dissipation in plain wall 12.5 W/m2.0C
 The temperature rise,
Total losses Pi  Pc
 
Specific heat  Heat dissipatin g  12.5 St
   
 Dissipatio n   surface of tank 
St – Heat dissipating surface
 Heat dissipating surface of tank : Total area of vertical sides+ One half area of
top cover(Air cooled) (Full area of top cover for oil cooled)
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
 Cooling tubes increases the heat dissipation
 Cooling tubes mounted on vertical sides of the transformer would
not proportional to increase in area. Because, the tubes prevents
the radiation from the tank in screened surfaces.
 But the cooling tubes increase circulation of oil and hence improve
the convection
 Circulation is due to effective pressure heads
 Dissipation by convection is equal to that of 35% of tube surface
area. i.e., 35% tube area is added to actual tube area.
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
Let, Dissipating surface of tank – St
Dissipating surface of tubes – XSt
Loss dissipated by surface of the tank by radiation and convection
= 6  6.5St  12.5St
Loss dissipated by  135
   6.5   XS t  8.8 XS t
tubes by convection  100

Total loss dissipated 


   12.5St  8.8 XSt  12.5  8.8 X St  (1)
by walls and tubes 
Actual total area of tank wall s and tubes  St  XSt  St (1  X )
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
Total losses dissipated
Loss dissipated per m 2 of dissipatin g surface 
Total area
S (12.5  8.8 X ) (12.5  8.8 X )
Loss dissipated per m 2 of dissipatin g surface  t   (2)
St (1  X ) (1  X )

Temperatur e rise in  Total loss


 
Transforme r with cooling tubes  Loss Dissipated
Total losses, Ploss  Pi  Pc  (3)
Pi  Pc
From (1) and (3), we have,  
S t (12.5  8.8 X )
Pi  Pc
(12.5  8.8 X ) 
 St
Pi  Pc 1  Pi  Pc 
8.8 X   12.5  X   12.5 
 St 8.8   St 
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
1  Pi  Pc  1  Pi  Pc 
Total area of cooling tubes    12.5  St    12.5St   (5)
8.8   St  8.8   
Let , lt  Length of tubes
d t  Diameter of tubes
 Surface area of tubes   d t lt
Total area of tubes
Total number of tubes, nt 
Area of each tube
1  Pi  Pc 
nt    12. 5 S t   (6)
8.8 d t lt   
 Standard diameter of cooling tube is 50mm & length depends on the
height of the tank.
 Centre to centre spacing is 75mm.
C4

HT

D D
C3

WT

LT

Doc C1
C2
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
 Dimensions of the tank:
Let, C1 – Clearance b/w winding and tank along width
C2 - Clearance b/w winding and tank along length
C3 – Clearance b/w the transformer frame and tank at the
bottom
C4 - Clearance b/w the transformer frame and tank at the top
Doc – Outer diameter of the coil.
Width of the tank, WT=2D+ Doc +2 C1 (For 3 Transformer)
= D+ Doc +2 C1 (For 1 Transformer)
Length of the tank, LT= Doc +2 C2
Height of the tank, HT=H+C3+ C4
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
 Clearance on the sides depends on the voltage & power
ratings.
 Clearance at the top depends on the oil height above the
assembled transformer & space for mounting the
terminals and tap changer.
 Clearance at the bottom depends on the space required
for mounting the frame.
Design of tanks with cooling tubes
Clearance in mm
Voltage kVA Rating
C1 C2 C3 C4

Up to 11kV <1000kVA 40 50 75 375

Upto 11 kV 1000-5000kVA 70 90 100 400

11kV – 33kV <1000kVA 75 100 75 450

11kV – 33kV 1000-5000kVA 85 125 100 475

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