Nhóm 1

1.Nguyễn Lê Anh Thuận

2.Huỳnh Lâm Xuân Hoanh
3.Đỗ Đức Phong
4.Lê Thanh Hào
5.Lê Ngọc Đính
RELATIVE PRONOUNS

 Indicates the relationship of the subordinate clause to the rest of

the sentence.

Ex: The woman who is standing near the window is my teacher.

Relative pronouns A subordinate clause

A relative clause
 A RELATIVE CLAUSE

Non–defining relative clauses Defining relative clauses

 Describes an object without  Has the function of defining or
having the function of defining identifying the object being
or identifying. referred to.
Ex: The house, which was bright Ex: The man who is standing near
red, has been build. the window is a doctor.

 The clause must be placed  The clause is not placed between

between commas. commas.
EXAMPLE
o This is my machine which costs 2 million dollars.

o Peter whom I had seen earlier wasn’t at the party.

o Have you read the book that I gave you?

o I didn’t receive the letters which she sent me.

 WHOM

WHO WHOSE
RELATIVE
PRONOUNS

WHICH THAT
5
Relative pronouns: Who

WHO: is used as the subject of a verb.

refers to persons.

N (person) + WHO + V + O
Ex 1: Meg is a girl.
Meg likes ice cream.
Meg is a girl who likes ice cream
Ex 2: My sister wants to travel to Switzerland. She is studying German.
My sister, who is studying German, wants to travel to Switzerland.
Relative pronouns: Whom
WHOM: is used as the object of a verb or the object with a preposition
refers to persons.

N (person) + WHOM + S + V

Ex 1: That girl is my sister. You met her yesterday.

That girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.

Ex 2: Mary is my girlfriend. You are flirting with her.

Mary, whom you are flirting with, is my girlfriend

Relative pronouns: Whose

WHOSE: is used as an adjective indicating possession.

refers to persons, things and animals.
N (person, thing, animals) + WHOSE + N + V

Ex 1: Mr Johnson is the person. His job is to sell the toys.

Mr Johnson is the person whose job is to sell the toys.
Ex 2: My cousin will visit us for a few weeks. His family lives in Europe
My cousin, whose family lives in Europe, will visit us for a few weeks.
Relative pronouns: Which

WHICH: is used as the subject or object of a verb

can refer only to things
N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

Ex 1: The suitcase is very strong. We purchased it last week.

The suitcase which we purchased last week is very strong.
Ex 2: The sack was too heavy to lift. It was full of rocks.
The sack, which was full of rocks, was too heavy to lift.
Relative pronouns: That

THAT: can replace the position of who, whom, which

used only in defining relative clauses
Ex : The people will return in a month. They were here yesterday.
The people who were here yesterday will return in a month.
The people that were here yesterday will return in a month.
The girl is my sister. You met her yesterday.
The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.
The girl that you met yesterday is my sister.
 That is always used after:
o Mixed prefixes (including people and things)
NOTE
o The indefinite pronouns (one, nobody, each, anyone, someone,
somebody, nothing, etc)
o Negative pronouns ( nobody, no one, none, nothing, neither,
etc)
o Quantifiers pronouns (all, little, much, more, etc)
o The superlative form
o Words: only, the first, the last
Ex: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
She is the nicest woman that I've ever met.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
1. The men _____
who lives next-door are English.
which you gave me is very good.
2. The dictionary ______
whose mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The man _______
who got into my house last night.
4. The police are looking for the thieve _____
which you like comes from the United States.
5. The chocolate ______
which my mother gave me on my birthday.
6. I have lost the necklace _______
that breaks into a house and steals things.
7. A burglar is someone ______
whose car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
8. The family ________
Exercise 2: Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
.............................................................................................................................
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
.............................................................................................................................
3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
.............................................................................................................................
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
.............................................................................................................................
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
.............................................................................................................................
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
.............................................................................................................................
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
.............................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
The first boy who knows the truth has just moved.
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
I don't remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week.
3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
The only thing which make me worried is how to go home.
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city.
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
The man whom I met at the bar yesterday was Tom.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time.
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
They're looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest.
  When it is an object 15

REDUCE  No preposition

RELATIVE  When it starts a non-defining relative clause.

○ (There is no comma before it).
PRONOUN  NOTE: Whose is not allowed
Ex: Here is the laptop which I bought.

Here is the laptop I bought

This is my book , which I bought 2 years ago

This is the house in which I live

 ○ If relative clause is in active form, you can omit the relative

REDUCE pronoun (and auxiliary), change the verb to V-ing.

Ex: The couple who live next door to me are professors.

RELATIVE The couple living next door to me are professors.
CLAUSE ○ If relative clause is in passive form, you can omit the relative
pronoun (and auxiliary), change the verb to V2.

Ex: The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. John.

The house built now belongs to Mr. Jonh

 You also can omit the relative pronoun (and auxiliary), change the

verb to “to V-inf) when:

REDUCE o before noun has words such as: ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND etc

RELATIVE Ex: He is the last man who left the ship.

CLAUSE He is the last man to leave the ship.

○ HAVE/HAD

Ex: He had something that he could/ had to do.

He had something to do

○ HERE (BE),THERE (BE)

Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today.

There are six letters to be written today.

 ○ NOTE

 If the subject of the 2 clauses is different (except: we, you, everone etc),
REDUCE
you add the for somebody phrase first to inf. Chỗ ni kb ghi đúng chưa,
RELATIVE thêm sb sau to-inf á)

CLAUSE Ex: We have some picture books that children can read.

We have some picture books for children to read.

 If there is the preposition before relative pronoun, you must bring it

down the end of sentence.

Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.

We have a peg to hang our coat on.

Any questions?