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Presenting Data and Graphics

This document discusses different types of graphical representations used to visualize data. It describes diagrams like bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and line graphs. Bar diagrams can be simple, multiple or compound. Pie charts depict proportions using angles of a circle. Histograms are used for continuous data grouped into bins. Graphical representations make it easier to understand patterns and draw insights from large datasets compared to tables or text.

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Slokans XI
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223 views15 pages

Presenting Data and Graphics

This document discusses different types of graphical representations used to visualize data. It describes diagrams like bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms and line graphs. Bar diagrams can be simple, multiple or compound. Pie charts depict proportions using angles of a circle. Histograms are used for continuous data grouped into bins. Graphical representations make it easier to understand patterns and draw insights from large datasets compared to tables or text.

Uploaded by

Slokans XI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GRAPHICAL

REPRESENTATION OF DATA
Contents

• Introduction
• Types of graphical representations of data
• Types of diagrams
• The Simple Bar Diagram
• Multiple Bar Diagram
• Pie Diagram
• The histogram
• The need of graphically representing data
Introduction
• Graphical Representations of Data
– The transformation of data through visual methods like
graphs, diagrams, maps and charts is called
representation of data.
• Visualization techniques are ways of creating and
manipulating graphical representations of data.
• We use these representations in order to gain
better insight and understanding of the problem.
• Pictures can convey an overall message much
better than a list of numbers. Lets we now discuss
some graphical presentations of data.
Types of Graphical Representations of
Data
• Graphs of Frequency Distribution
• Frequency distribution can be represented
graphically. Such as graphs give a better
picture when the data are arranged in tabular
form.
• Types of Frequency distribution graphs.
– The Histogram
– The Frequency Polygon
– The Frequency Curve
– Cumulative Frequency curve
Types of Diagrams
• The diagrams are of following types:
• One-Dimensional Diagrams
– Such as line graph, poly graph, bar diagram, histogram
etc.
• Two-Dimensional Diagram
– Such as pie diagram and rectangular diagram.
• Three-Dimensional Diagrams
– Such as cube and spherical diagrams.
• The most commonly drawn diagrams are:
– 1. Line graphs 2. Bar diagrams 3. Pie diagram
Line Graphs
• The line graphs are usually drawn to represent
the time series data related to the temperature,
rainfall, population growth, birth rates and the
death rates.
Bar Diagram
• It is also called a columnar diagram. The bar diagrams are
drawn through columns of equal width. Following rules
were observed while constructing a bar diagram:
– The width of all the bars or columns is similar.
– All the bars should are placed on equal intervals/distance.
• Bars are shaded with colors or patterns to make them
distinct and attractive .
• Four types of bar diagrams are used to represent different
data sets:
– The simple bar diagram
– Compound bar diagram
– Multiple bar diagram
– Poly bar diagram
Simple Bar Diagram
• A simple bar diagram is constructed for an
immediate comparison.
• It is advisable to arrange the given data set in
an ascending or descending order and plot the
data variables accordingly.
• Time series data are represented according to
the sequencing of the time period.
Simple Bar Diagram
Multiple Bar Diagram
• Multiple bar diagrams are constructed to
represent two or more than two variables for
the purpose of comparison.
• For example, a multiple bar diagram may be
constructed to show proportion of males and
females in the total.
Multiple Bar Diagram
Pie Diagram
• It is drawn to depict the total value of the given
attribute using a circle.
• Dividing the circle into corresponding degrees
of angle then represent the sub– sets of the
data.
• It is also called as Divided Circle Diagram.
Pie Diagram
Histogram

• A histogram is used for continuous data, where


the bins represent ranges of data.
Need of Graphically Representing Data
• Graphics, such as maps, graphs and diagrams, are used
to represent large volume of data.
• If the information is presented in tabular form or in a
descriptive record, it becomes difficult to draw results.
• Graphical form makes it possible to easily draw visual
impressions of data.
• It is a time consuming task to draw inferences about
whatever is being presented in non–graphical form.
• These makes it easy to understand the patterns of
population growth, distribution and the density, sex
ratio, age–sex composition, occupational structure, etc.

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