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    Use of Biopesticides - A Safe Solution: DR Chris Knight Campden BRI

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    Ravi Sharma
    Biopesticides offer a safe alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. They are less toxic, produce little to no residues, and have narrow effects on targets. Biopesticides include microorganisms, plant extracts, pheromones, and naturally occurring enemies of pests. Though they are often more effective and compatible with integrated pest management than chemicals, biopesticides also have higher costs and require more technical knowledge to use effectively. For biopesticides to fulfill their potential for sustainable agriculture, greater collaboration is needed between regulators, industry, and farmers.

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    Use of Biopesticides - A Safe Solution: DR Chris Knight Campden BRI

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Sharma
    210 views24 pages
    Biopesticides offer a safe alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. They are less toxic, produce little to no residues, and have narrow effects on targets. Biopesticides include microorganisms, plant extracts, pheromones, and naturally occurring enemies of pests. Though they are often more effective and compatible with integrated pest management than chemicals, biopesticides also have higher costs and require more technical knowledge to use effectively. For biopesticides to fulfill their potential for sustainable agriculture, greater collaboration is needed between regulators, industry, and farmers.

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    Bio Pesticides

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    Biopesticides offer a safe alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. They are less toxic, produce little to no residues, and have narrow effects on targets. Biopesticides include microorganisms, plant extracts, pheromones, and naturally occurring enemies of pests. Though they are often more effective and compatible with integrated pest management than chemicals, biopesticides also have higher costs and require more technical knowledge to use effectively. For biopesticides to fulfill their potential for sustainable agriculture, greater collaboration is needed between regulators, industry, and farmers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    210 views24 pages

    Use of Biopesticides - A Safe Solution: DR Chris Knight Campden BRI

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Sharma
    Biopesticides offer a safe alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. They are less toxic, produce little to no residues, and have narrow effects on targets. Biopesticides include microorganisms, plant extracts, pheromones, and naturally occurring enemies of pests. Though they are often more effective and compatible with integrated pest management than chemicals, biopesticides also have higher costs and require more technical knowledge to use effectively. For biopesticides to fulfill their potential for sustainable agriculture, greater collaboration is needed between regulators, industry, and farmers.

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    of 24

    Use of biopesticides – A

    safe solution

    Dr Chris Knight
    Campden BRI
    Biopesticides - Introduction

    • Insects, plant disease and weeds are


    major constraints to food crop
    production
    • Becoming more difficult to control by
    conventional methods
    – Pesticide resistance, product withdrawals
    • Need to control emerging threats
    Biopesticides - Introduction
    • Pressure to reduce residue levels from
    conventional chemical pesticides
    – Regulations: changes in MRLs
    – Retailers: minimise detectable residues
    • Pressure to develop sustainable ‘pest’
    control systems
    – Environmental welfare
    – Maintain crop quality, productivity and
    profitability
    Biopesticides - Introduction
    • Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
    seen as the way forward (cf IPM)
    – Framework for reduced chemical pesticide
    use and residue levels
    • Combines complementary ‘pest’
    control methods
    – Include chemical, biological, cultural and
    physical controls, plant resistance and
    decision support systems
    Biopesticides in ICM
    • Make an important contribution to ICM
    – Help reduce reliance on chemical
    pesticides
    • Major role to play in sustainable
    farming
    – Conventional and organic systems
    – Reduce artificial chemical inputs
    What is a biopesticide?
    • Range of definitions and terminologies
    – Can be confusing
    – Essentially a broad group of agents
    • Defined as
    – Mass produced
    – Biologically based agents
    – Used to control plant pests, diseases and
    weeds
    What is a biopesticide?
    • ‘Biopesticide’ covers a wide spectrum
    of ‘products’
    – Subject to regulation as pesticides
    – Approved uses and conditions of use
    • Living organisms as control agents
    – e.g. predatory insects
    – Not necessarily regulated as pesticide
    products
    • Three basic categories
    Categories of biopesticides
    (1)
    • Products based on pheromone and
    other semiochemicals
    – e.g. insect pheromones for trapping or
    mating disruption
    • Semiochemicals
    – Chemicals emitted by plants, animals and
    other organisms (or synthetic analogues)
    – Evoke a behavioural or physiological
    response in the same or similar species
    Categories of biopesticides
    (2)
    • Products containing microorganisms
    (microbials)
    – e.g. bacterium, fungus, virus
    • Natural enemies
    – Includes invertebrates (e.g. predatory
    insects) and nematodes
    – Not necessarily regulated as a pesticide
    product
    Categories of biopesticides
    (3)
    • Products based on plant extracts
    – Unprocessed extracts representing a
    cluster of substances
    – Highly refined containing one active
    substance
    Categories of biopesticides
    (Other)
    • Genetically modified plants
    – Express introduced genes that confer
    protection against pests and disease
    • Not universally accepted as
    ‘biopesticides’
    How many biopesticide
    products?
    • Wide variation in countries
    – Over a 1000 products in USA
    – Significantly fewer in EU
    • Microbial products
    – 200 in USA
    – 60 comparable products available in EU
    Examples of biopesticides
    (UK)
    • Fungicide
    – Bacillus subtilis (specific strain)
    – Coniothyrium minitans (specific strain)
    • Insecticide
    – B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki
    – Cydia pomella granulosis virus
    – Verticillium lecanii
    – Spinosad
    – Fatty acids
    Examples of biopesticides
    (UK)
    • Herbicide
    – Citronella oil (plant extract)
    – Fatty acids
    • Other
    – Candida oleophila (biological control)
    – Peniophora gigantea (tree stumps)
    – Pepper (vertebrate control)
    – Zucchini yellow mosaic virus weak strain
    (immunisation)
    Biopesticides - Benefits
    • Usually inherently less toxic than
    conventional pesticides
    – Environmental and worker welfare
    • Produce little if any residue
    – Food safety
    • Generally have a narrow spectrum of
    activity
    – Low direct impact on non targets,
    including humans and wildlife
    Biopesticides - Benefits
    • Use often compatible with other
    control agents
    • May aid chemical pesticide
    performance when used together
    – Enhanced control
    – Help prevent/delay chemical pesticide
    resistance
    • Mode of action not specific
    – Reduced risk of developing resistance
    Biopesticides - Benefits
    • Used as a component of ICM may decrease
    use of chemical pesticides
    – Crop quality and yields remain high
    • Flexible approach to ‘pest’ management
    – Natural enemies can reproduce in the pest
    population and respond to changes
    • Help meet market demands/expecations for
    – Environmentally friendly agriculture
    – Reduced chemical pesticide residues
    Biopesticide - Concerns
    • Commercialisation is affected strongly
    by the regulatory system
    – Governs their authorisation and use
    – Disincentive for manufacturers
    • Industry is relatively small
    – Many SMEs
    – Policy resources limited
    – Undergoing organisational development
    Biopesticide - Concerns
    • Higher unit prices compared to
    chemical pesticides
    • In general, biopesticides are not as
    effective as chemicals
    – Chemicals easier to predict what will do
    • Biopesticides may not work
    immediately
    – Ecological background may have to
    change first
    Biopesticide - Concerns
    • Shelf life may be shorter than
    chemicals
    • Technical knowledge
    – Have to be used in relatively complex
    knowledge intensive management systems
    – To be used effectively users need to know
    a great deal about managing ‘pests’
    – May act as a disincentive or influence
    efficacy
    Biopesticides - Summary
    • Comparisons between chemical and
    biopesticides are over simplistic
    – May detract from from beneficial
    properties
    • Becoming part of mainstream
    agriculture
    – agrochemical industry
    – Good Agricultural Practice
    Biopesticides - Summary
    • Make an important contribution to
    – Development of sustainable agriculture
    – ICM/IPM systems
    – Reducing reliance on chemical pesticides
    – Reducing pesticide residue levels in food
    – Meeting market demands and expecations
    • Provide positive public benefits related
    to policy goals
    Biopesticides - Summary
    • Positive benefits
    – Environmental welfare
    – Food safety
    • Wider commercial uptake requires
    collaboration between
    – Governments and regulators
    – Agrochemical industry
    – Farmers
    Thank you
    [email protected]

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