INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

SUBMITTED BY : EEKESH THAPA SUBMITTED TO : SACHIN AWASTHI SIR

ROLL NO. 18212
INPUT DEVICES

In computing, an input device is a piece of computer

hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to
an information processing system such as a computer or information
appliance. Examples of input devices
include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
Audio input devices may be used for purposes including speech
recognition. Many companies are utilizing speech recognition to help
assist users to use their device(s).
KEYBOARD

'Keyboards' are a human interface device which is represented as a

layout of buttons. Each button, or key, can be used to either input a
linguistic character to a computer, or to call upon a particular
function of the computer. They act as the main text entry
interface for most users. Traditional keyboards use spring-based
buttons, though newer variations employ virtual keys, or
even projected keyboards. It is typewriter like device composed of
a matrix of switches.There also happens to be another keyboard
that is like an input device for musical instrument which helps to
produce sound.
MOUSE OR POINTING DEVICES

Pointing devices or mouses are the most commonly used input devices
today. A pointing device Or mouse is any human interface device that
allows a user to input spatial data to a computer. In the case of mouse and
touchpads, this is usually achieved by detecting movement across a
physical surface. Analog devices, such as 3D mice, joysticks, or pointing
sticks, function by reporting their angle of deflection. Movements of the
pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer,
creating a simple, intuitive way to navigate a computer's graphical user
interface (GUI).
VIDEO INPUT DEVICES

Video input devices are used to digitize images or video from the outside world into
the computer. The information can be stored in a multitude of formats depending on
the user's requirement.

Types of video input devices

1. Digital camera
2. Webcam
DIGITAL CAMERA

A digital camera or digicam is a camera that

captures photographs in digital memory. Most
cameras produced today are digital,[1] and while
there are still dedicated digital cameras, many
more are now incorporated into devices ranging
from mobile devices to vehicles.[2] However,
high-end, high-definition dedicated cameras are
still commonly used by professionals.
WEBCAM

A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streamsits image

in real time to or through a computer to a computer network.
When "captured" by the computer, the video stream may be
saved, viewed or sent on to other networks travelling through
systems such as the internet, and e-mailed as an attachment.
When sent to a remote location, the video stream may be
saved, viewed or on sent there. Unlike an IP camera(which
connects using Ethernet or Wi-Fi), a webcam is generally
connected by a USB cable, or similar cable, or built into
computer hardware, such as laptops.
AUDIO INPUT DEVICES

Audio input devices are used to capture sound. In some cases, an audio output
device can be used as an input device, in order to capture produced sound. Audio
input devices allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing,
recording, or carrying out commands. Devices such as microphones allow users to
speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate
software.Aside from recording, audio input devices are also used with speech
recognition software.
MICROPHONE

Microphones are used in many applications such

as telephones, hearing aids, public address
systems for concert halls and public events, motion
pictureproduction, live and recorded audio
engineering, sound recording, two-way
radios, megaphones, radioand television broadcasting
, and in computers for recording voice, speech
recognition, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such
as ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.
OUTPUT DEVICES

An output device is any piece of computer hardwareequipment which converts the

electronically generated information into human-readable form[1] Inn brief, output
unit is responsible for providing the output in user readable form[1]. It can
be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video.Some of the Output devices are Visual
Display Units (VDU) i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output
devices[2], Plotters, Speakers etc. A new type of Output device is been developed
these days, known as Speech synthesizer[3], a mechanism attached to the
computer which produces verbal output sounding almost like human speeches.
DISPLAY DEVICES

Since the beginning of the computer history[4] & evolution

we always have seen a sort of display device on the
computer. A display device is the most common form of
output device. It presents output visually on computer
screen. The output appears temporarily on the screen and
can easily altered or erased, it is sometimes referred to
as soft copyalso. The display device for a desktop PC is
called Monitor.
MONITOR

A computer monitor is an output device which displays information in pictorial form. A

monitor usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply. The
display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal
display (TFT-LCD) with LED backlightinghaving replaced cold-cathode fluorescent
lamp(CCFL) backlighting. Older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT). Monitors are
connected to the computer via VGA, Digital Visual
Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) or
other proprietary connectors and signals.
TYPES OF MONITOR

1. Monochrome Display

2 Cloreded Display
CRT DISPLAY MONITORS

The cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube that contains

one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, and
is used to display images.[1] It modulates, accelerates, and
deflects electron beam(s) onto the screen to create the
images. The images may represent
electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures
(television, computer monitor), radar targets, or other
phenomena. CRTs have also been used as memory devices,
in which case the visible light emitted from the fluorescent
material (if any) is not intended to have significant meaning to
a visual observer (though the visible pattern on the tube face
may cryptically represent the stored data).
TFT MONITORS

A Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is

a variant of a liquid-crystal display (LCD) that uses thin-film-
transistor (TFT) technology to improve image qualities such
as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active
matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple,
direct-driven LCDs with a few segments.TFT LCDs are used
in appliances including television sets, computer
monitors, mobile phones, handheld devices, video
game systems, personal digital assistants, navigation
systems, projectors,[1] and carinstrument clusters.
LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically

modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using
a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.[1] LCDs
are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer
display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be
displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-segment
displays, as in a digital clock. They use the same basic technology, except
that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while
other displays have larger elements.
LED(LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE)

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-leadsemiconductor light

source. It is a p–n junction diodethat emits light when
activated.[5] When a suitable current is applied to the
leads,[6][7] electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within
the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small
(less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used
to shape the radiation pattern.
PRINTER

In computing, a printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent human-readable

representation of graphics or text on paper.[1] The first computer printer designed was a
mechanically driven apparatus by Charles Babbage for his difference engine in the 19th century;
however, his mechanical printer design was not built until 2000.[2] The first electronic printer was
the EP-101, invented by Japanese company Epsonand released in 1968.[3][4] The first commercial
printers generally used mechanisms from electric typewriters and Teletype machines. The demand
for higher speed led to the development of new systems specifically for computer use. In the
1980s were daisy wheel systems similar to typewriters, line printers that produced similar output
but at much higher speed, and dot matrix systems that could mix text and graphics but produced
relatively low-quality output. The plotter was used for those requiring high quality line art
like blueprints.
TYPES OF PRINTER

1. Dot-matrix printer
2. Drum printer
3. Ink-jet printers
4. Laser Printers
DOT-MATRIX PRINTER

Impact dot matrix printing uses a print head that

moves back-and-forth, or in an up-and-down motion,
on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-
soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the
print mechanism on a typewriter. However, unlike a
typewriter or daisy wheel printer, letters are drawn out
of a dot matrix, and thus, varied fonts and arbitrary
graphics can be produced.
DRUM PRINTERS

Impact dot matrix printing uses a print head that

moves back-and-forth, or in an up-and-down motion,
on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-
soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the
print mechanism on a typewriter. However, unlike a
typewriter or daisy wheel printer, letters are drawn out
of a dot matrix, and thus, varied fonts and arbitrary
graphics can be produced.
INK-JET PRINTERS

Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a digital

image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other
substrates.[1] Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of
printer,[2] and range from small inexpensive consumer models to
expensive professional machines.The concept of inkjet printing
originated in the 20th century, and the technology was first
extensively developed in the early 1950s. Starting in the late 1970s,
inkjet printers that could reproduce digital images generated by
computers were developed, mainly by Epson, Hewlett-Packard (HP),
and Canon. In the worldwide consumer market, four manufacturers
account for the majority of inkjet printer sales: Canon, HP, Epson,
and Brother.
LASER PRINTER

Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printingprocess. It produces high-

quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by
repeatedly passing a laser beam back and forth over a
negatively charged cylinder called a "drum" to define a differentially
charged image.[1] The drum then selectively collects electrically charged
powdered ink (toner), and transfers the image to paper, which is then
heated in order to permanently fuse the text, imagery, or both. As with
digital photocopiers, laser printers employ a xerographic printing process.
However, laser printing differs from analog photocopiers in that the image
is produced by the direct scanning of the medium across the printer's
photoreceptor. This enables laser printing to copy images more quickly
than most photocopiers.
PROJECTOR

A projector or image projector is an optical device

that projects an image (or moving images) onto a
surface, commonly a projection screen. Most
projectors create an image by shining a light
through a small transparent lens, but some newer
types of projectors can project the image directly, by
using lasers. A virtual retinal display, or retinal
projector, is a projector that projects an image
directly on the retina instead of using an external
projection screen.
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