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Logarithmic Function

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128 views15 pages

Logarithmic Function

Study guide

Uploaded by

Anali Barbon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Logarithmic Function

Seatwork #2.1
Introduction to Logarithmic Function
1. log 2 16
This is asking for an exponent. What
exponent do you put on the base of 2 to
get 16? (2 to the what is 16?)
1
2. log 3
9
What exponent do you put on the base of
3 to get 1/9? (hint: think negative)
3. log 4 1
What exponent do you put on the base of
4 to get 1?
4. log 3 3
When working with logs, re-write any
radicals as rational exponents.
What exponent do you put on the base of
3 to get 3 to the 1/2? (hint: think rational)
Objectives
 The students will identify a logarithmic
function. (Knowledge) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.a)
 The students will solve logarithmic
expressions. (Application) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.b)
 The students will solve logarithmic
functions. (Application) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.c)
STAI 1, 11
3.2
Logarithmic Functions
and Their Graphs

Definition of Logarithmic Function

y  log x a a xy

Ex. 3 = log2 8 23 = 8
John Napier
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1550
 Began education at St. Andrews
University at the age of 13
 Likely acquired mathematical
knowledge at the University of Paris
 Died April 4, 1617 in Edinburgh,
Scotland

STAI 7
Logarithms
 Definition: If b and y are positive
where b1, then the logarithm of y
with base b (logby) is defined as
logby = x
if and only if bx = y.

STAI 10
Special Logarithms
 logb1 = 0
 Why? b0 = 1

 logbb = 1
 Why? b1 = b

 The logarithm with base 10 is called the


common logarithm. (log10 or log)
 The logarithm with base e is called the
natrual logarithm. (loge or ln)
STAI 6, 23, 26
Examples
 Evaluate the expression log381
3x = 81
3x = 34
x = 4

 Evaluate the expression log1/28


(1/2)x = 8

(1/2)x = 23
(1/2)x = (1/2)-3
x = -3
STAI 4, 19, 25
Ex. log28 = x 2x = 8
x=3

Properties of Logarithms and Natural Logarithms

1. loga 1 = 0 1. ln 1 = 0

2. loga a = 1 2. ln e = 1

3. loga ax = x 3. ln ex = x
1 1
Ex. ln  ln e   1
e
ln e  2
2

Use the definition of logarithm to write in


logarithmic form.

Ex. 4x = 16 log4 16 = x

e2 = x ln x = 2
The logarithmic function to the base a, where a > 0 and a  1
is defined:

y = logax if and only if x = a y


logarithmic
form exponential
form
When you convert an exponential to log form, notice that the
exponent in the exponential becomes what the log is equal to.

Convert to log form: 16  4 2 log 416  2


Convert to exponential form:
3 1
1
log 2  3 2 
8 8
Laws of Logarithms
1. l og b mn  logb m  logb n
m
2. logb    logb m  logb n
n
3. logb m n  n logb m
4. logb 1  0
5. logb b  1

Common Logarithm log x  log10 x


Notation: Natural Logarithm ln x  log e x
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

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