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Presented By: Jignesh M. Ahir

The document discusses oral and written communication. It defines oral communication as spoken verbal communication that can include visual aids and body language. Oral communication has advantages like being direct, allowing participation, and giving immediate feedback, but can also be ambiguous without records and lead to unintended communication. Written communication provides records but takes more time and can cause interpretation problems. Barriers to communication include distortion and assumptions, while measures to overcome barriers include knowing the audience and using informal discussions. Effective listening is an active process that includes paraphrasing, expressing understanding, and asking questions.

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78 views16 pages

Presented By: Jignesh M. Ahir

The document discusses oral and written communication. It defines oral communication as spoken verbal communication that can include visual aids and body language. Oral communication has advantages like being direct, allowing participation, and giving immediate feedback, but can also be ambiguous without records and lead to unintended communication. Written communication provides records but takes more time and can cause interpretation problems. Barriers to communication include distortion and assumptions, while measures to overcome barriers include knowing the audience and using informal discussions. Effective listening is an active process that includes paraphrasing, expressing understanding, and asking questions.

Uploaded by

Bhargav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented by :

Jignesh M. Ahir
Oral communication:
 Def. :-Oral communication, while primarily referring to
spoken verbal communication, can also employ visual aids
and non-verbal elements to support the conveyance of
meaning. Oral communication includes speeches,
presentations, discussions, and aspects of interpersonal
communication. As a type of face-to-face
communication, body language and choice tonality play a
significant role, and may have a greater impact upon the
listener than informational content. This type of
communication also garners immediate feedback.
Oral communication : advantage
 Direct- spontaneous & forthright
 Physical closeness leading to a closer relationship
 Meaning conveyed through words, tone of voice & body
language
 Easier to convince or persuade
 Allows for participation & contribution from all present
 Supplementary points can be raised in course of
communication
 Structure of message can be non formal, less literary styled
without special skills.
ORAL COMMUNICATION: DISADVANTAGE
 Gives rise to ambiguity- no record of proof available
 Gives rise to emotional rather than rational
communication
 Rise in emotion may lead to unintended communication
 Makes an unpleasant fact or news more abrupt
 Inadequate time for the speaker to encode the message
 Listening skills of the receiver may not be good
 Distorted message due to distraction/noise etc
Written communication:-
 Over time the forms of and ideas about
communication have evolved through progression
of technology. Advances include communications
psychology and media psychology; an emerging
field of study. Researchers divide the progression
of written communication into three revolutionary
stages called "Information Communication
Revolutions"
WRITTNE COMMUNICATION: ADVANTAGE

 Provides written record & evidence of dispatch &


receipt
 Capable of relaying complex ideas
 Provides analysis, evaluation & summary
 Disseminates information to dispersed receivers
 Forms basis for contractor agreement
 Writer has time to deliberate and revise the
message.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: DISADVANTAGE

 Can take time to produce. Can be expensive


 Communication tends to be more formal, cold & distant
 Can cause the problems of interpretation
 Instant feedback is not possible
 Once dispatched it is not easy to modify the message
 Does not allow for spot exchange of views
 Message may be misled, borrowed wrongly, etc
 Diverse receivers in due course leads to distorted meaning
 Distant reader difficult to gauge
 Relays solely on written words-absence of body language
 Immediate clarification is not possible.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 Distortion
 Drawing inference
 Jumping to conclusions
 Confusion of meaning
 Past experience
 Failure to listen
 Assumptions
 Stereotyping persons
 Premature evaluation
 Perception
 Fear
 Language
 Badly expressed message
MEASURES TO OVERCOME BARRIERS

 Knowing your audience


 Timely & meaningful message
 Audience to remove its own barriers
 Use of informal and face to face communication
 Direct contact between sender and receiver.
 Mutual trust and confidence.
Behavioural skills for good communication:
 Non Verbal: Eye contact, facial expression, tone of voice,
gestures

 Verbal: Clear requests, Responding effectively to


criticism, resisting negative influence, listening to
others, helping others, being part of positive peer group.
Behavioural qualities:
 Self-awareness
 Personal decision making
 Managing feelings
 Handling stress
 Empathy
 Communication
 Self-disclosure
 Insight
 Self-acceptance
 Assertiveness
 Group dynamics
 Conflict resolution
 Criticism v/s Critique
EFFECTIVE LISTENING

“ Listening is an active process of receiving stimuli,


which is taken in by the individual and in some way
processed or utilized.”

It is thus distinguished from hearing, as a physiological


process.
Active listening:
 Enables to check on accuracy of understanding
what the speaker said and meant
 Acceptance of speakers feelings and identifies
with them
 Most importantly it stimulates the speaker to
explore further his thoughts and feelings
Techniques of active listening:
1. Paraphrase the speakers thoughts

2. Express understanding of the speakers feelings

3. Ask questions
Consider the following exchange:

Speaker: That creep gave me a C on the paper. I really worked hard on


that project and I get a lousy C.
Listener 1: That’s no so bad; most people got around the same grade. I
got a C too.
Listener 2: So what? That is last semester. Who cares about
grades anyway?
Listener 3: you should be pleased with a C. Ashok and Geeta
both failed and Ravi and Nisha got Ds
Listener 4: You got a C on that paper you were working on for the last
three weeks? You sound really hurt and angry.
Thank you..!

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