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Universal NOR

This document demonstrates how a logic circuit implemented using AND-OR-Inverter (AOI) gates can be re-implemented using only NOR gates. It shows that a NOR gate can replace an AND, OR, or INVERTER gate by applying De Morgan's laws. Replacing all logic gates with NOR gates reduces the number of integrated circuits needed, as fewer NOR gates are required than the original combination of AOI gates. The document provides step-by-step examples of converting an AOI logic circuit into an equivalent NOR logic circuit.

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238 views15 pages

Universal NOR

This document demonstrates how a logic circuit implemented using AND-OR-Inverter (AOI) gates can be re-implemented using only NOR gates. It shows that a NOR gate can replace an AND, OR, or INVERTER gate by applying De Morgan's laws. Replacing all logic gates with NOR gates reduces the number of integrated circuits needed, as fewer NOR gates are required than the original combination of AOI gates. The document provides step-by-step examples of converting an AOI logic circuit into an equivalent NOR logic circuit.

Uploaded by

m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Universal Gate – NOR

Universal Gate – NOR


This presentation will demonstrate…
• The basic function of the NOR gate.
• How an NOR gate can be using to replace an AND gate,
an OR gate or an INVERTER gate.
• How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates
could be re-implemented using only NOR gates
• That using a single gate type, in this case NOR, will
reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to
implement a logic circuit.
AOI Logic NOR Logic

2
More ICs = More $$ Less ICs = Less $$
NOR Gate

X
Z XYX Y
Y

X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

3
NOR Gate as an Inverter Gate
X  X  X (Before Bubble)

X ZX

X Z
0 1
Equivalent to Inverter
1 0

4
NOR Gate as an OR Gate
XY
X
Z  XY XY
Y

NOR Gate “Inverter”

X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
Equivalent to OR Gate
1 0 1
1 1 1

5
NOR Gate as an AND Gate
X

X Y
Z XYXY XY
Y

“Inverters” NOR Gate

X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
Equivalent to AND Gate
1 0 0
1 1 1

6
NOR Gate Equivalent of AOI Gates
AND OR INVERTER

7
Process for NOR Implementation
1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design
with AOI logic.
2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every
AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NOR equivalent.
3. Redraw the circuit.
4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions. (i.e. back-
to-back inverters)
5. Redraw the final circuit.

8
NOR Implementation
Example:
Design a NOR Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit
shown below.

BC A C

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NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 2

Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its
NAND equivalent.

10
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 3

Redraw Circuit.

11
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 4

Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

12
NOR Implementation
Solution – Step 5

Redraw Circuit.

13
Proof of Equivalence

BCBCBC
C

B BC AC
C
Z BC AC
BC AC
A
ACACAC 14
AOI vs NOR

IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs IC Type Gates Gate / IC # ICs


74LS04 1 6 1 74LS02 7 4 2
74LS08 2 4 1 Total Number of ICs → 2
74LS32 1 4 1
Total Number of ICs → 3

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