SYSTEMS OF INEQUALITIES

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Systems of Equations(Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 917- 943)
 Week 7 Day 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the chapter the students are expected to:

• Solve a system of linear inequalities by finding the overlapping

shaded regions.
• Solve application problems using systems of linear inequalities.
• Use linear programming model to solve optimization problems
subject to constraints.
SYSTEMS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 7 Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To interpret the difference between solid and dashed lines.

• To graph a linear inequality in two variables.
• To interpret an overlapped shaded region as a solution.
• To graph a system of linear inequalities in two variables .
 GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY Week 7 Day 1

RECALL
The graph of an equation in two variables is a line in the xy-plane.
For example the graph of y=2x+1 is a line shown in Figure 1 below.

3 

-2

Figure 1
 GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY Week 7 Day 1

If the equal sign in y=2x+1 is replaced by symbol <, we obtain the

inequality y < 2x+1. Its graph consists of not just the line in Figure
1, but also the entire region below the line y=2x+1.



x

-2

Figure 2
 GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY Week 7 Day 1

If the equal sign in y=2x+1 is replaced by symbol >, we obtain the

inequality y > 2x+1. Its graph consists of not just the line in Figure
1, but also the entire region above the line y=2x+1.

3 If the inequality is a strict

 inequality, > or < , a dashed
line is used.

x If the inequality includes the
equal sign,  or  a solid
line is used.
-2

Figure 3
 GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY Week 7 Day 1

STEPS IN GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY

1. Change the sign. Change the inequality sign, , , , or  to an
equal sign, =.
2. Draw the line that corresponds to the equation in Step 1.
 If the inequality is strict, < or >, use a dashed line.
If the inequality is not strict,  or  , use a solid line.
3. Test a point.
 Select a point (usually the origin) in one half-plane and test if it
satisfies the inequality.
 If it does then all points in that region satisfy the inequality. If
not then the region isn’t part of the graph.
4. Shade the half-plane that satisfy the inequality.
 Week 7 Day 1
GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY

1. 3x  y  2
Example #1 page 918

2. Graph these inequalities

a. y  3
b. - y  -x  1
claaroom example 9.4.1 page 918
 Week 7 Day 1
DEFINITION

SYSTEMS OF INEQUALITIES

A system of linear inequalities is a set of inequalities. The system

maybe be consistent or inconsistent depending on whether it has a
solution or not.

The solution to a system of inequalities is the set of all points ( x , y )

such that every inequality in the system is satisfied. Graphically, the
solution is the common region to all inequalities in the system.

The graph of a system of inequalities can be obtained by

simultaneously graphing each individual inequality and finding
where the shaded regions intersect (or overlap).
 Week 7 Day 1
GRAPHING A SYSTEM OF TWO LINEAR
INEQUALITY

x  y  2
1.  3. Graph the solutionto the
x  y  2
systems of inequalities
Example #3 page 920
y  x  1
a. 
y  x  1
2. Graph the systems of two inequalities
y  x  1
 -y  x 2 b. 
a.  y  x - 1
4  y  x YourTurn page 921
x  1
b. 
y  2
Classroomexample 9.4.3 page 920
 Week 7 Day 1
GRAPHING A SYSTEM OF TWO LINEAR
INEQUALITY
4. Solve the systems 5. Graph the systems of two inequalities
of inequalities  y  2x  5
 y  2x  1
y  x 
 a. 
y   x  y  -2x  5
y  3 y  -2x  1

Example #5 page 922 x  6, x  1
y  3, y  0

b.  3 9
y  2 x  2

5y - 3x  -3
Classroomexample 9.4.5 page 922
 Week 7 Day 1
BOUNDED AND UNBOUNDED REGIONS

The graphs of the systems of linear inequalities are said to be

bounded when a region in a plane can be covered by a (sufficiently
large) circle.

A region that is not bounded is called unbounded.

Any points that correspond to boundary lines intersecting are called

corner points or vertices.
 Week 7 Day 2

APPLICATION INVOLVING SYSTEMS OF

INEQUALITIES

Week 7 Day 2 Application Involving Systems of Linear Inequalities (Algebra and Trigonometry,
Young 2nd Edition, page 923-927 and 928-943).
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 7 Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To solve application problems using systems of linear inequalities.

• To understand that linear programming is a graphical method that
solves optimization problems.
• To write an objective function that represents a quantity to be
minimized or maximized.
• To utilize inequalities to describe constraints.
• To solve the optimization problem, which combines minimizing or
maximizing a function subject to constraints, using linear
programming.
 Week 7 Day 2
APPLICATION

1. A couple has invited three hundred guests to their wedding. The

fixed costs (such as formal wear, entertainment, flowers and
invitations) are $7000 , and the variable costs (party favors, chair
covers, food, and drinks) range between $25 and $50 per person,
depending on the menu. Assuming at least 200 and at most 300
people attend, graph the cost of the wedding as a system of
inequalities. (Example #6 page 923)
2. Find the area enclosed by the systems of inequalities.

y  x
  5x  y  0
x  0 
# 50 page 926  # 52 page 926  x 1
y  0  x 2
x  3 
 Week 7 Day 2
APPLICATION

3. The Tesla Motors Roadster is the first electric car that will be able
to travel 220 miles on a single charge. The price of a 2008 model
is approximately $90,000.
Suppose the supply and demand equations for this electric car
are given by
P = 90,000 - 0.1x (Demand)
P = 10,000 + 0.3x (Supply)
where P is the price in dollars and x is the number of cars
produced. Calculate the consumer surplus for these two
equations.
(Example # 7 page 924)
 Week 7 Day 2

THE LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL

 Week 7 Day 2
DEFINITION

LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL

 Optimization is the process of maximizing or minimizing a

function subject to constraints.
Linear Programming is the graphing approach used to maximize
or minimize a linear function with the constraints given in terms of
linear inequalities.
Objective Function is the linear equation that represents the
quantity that is to be maximized or minimized.
The goal is to maximize or minimize the objective function subject
to constraints.
Constraints are the a system of linear inequalities, and the
common shaded region represents the feasible(possible) solutions.
 Week 7 Day 2

STEPS

1. Write the objective function. This expression represents the

quantity that is to be maximized or minimized.
2. Write the constraints. This is a system of linear inequalities.
3. Graph the constraints. Graph the system which contains the
feasible solutions.
4. Identify the vertices. The corner points of the shaded region
represent maximum or minimum values of the objective
function.
5. Identify the optimal solution. The largest (maximum) or smallest
(minimum) value of the objective function in Step 5 is the
optimal solution.
 Week 7 Day 2
EXAMPLE
1. Find the maximum value of z  x  3y, subject to the constraints :
x  1, x  3, y  x  3, y  0
Your Turnpage 929

2. Find the minimum value of z  2x  3y, subject to the constraints :

x  1, 2x  y  8, x  y  4
Your Turnpage 930

3. Find the maximim and minimum value of z  7x  3y,

subject to the constraints : y  0, - 2x  y  0, - x  y  4
Example #3 page 931
 Week 7 Day 2
EXAMPLE

1. A couple invites 30 people to a Super Bowl party. The fixed costs are
$300 and the variable costs range between $10 and $15 per person.
Assuming at least 12 people attend,determine their maximumcost
in hosting the party.
Classroomexample 9.5.4 page 932
2. A manufacturer of skis produces two models: a regular ski and a
slalom ski. A set of regular skis produces a $25.00 profit and a set
of slalom skis produces a profit of $50.00. The manufacturer
expects a customer demand of at least 200 pairs of regular skis and
at least 80 pairs of slalom skis. The maximum number of pairs of
skis that can be produced by this company is 400. How many of
each model of skis should be produced to maximize profit? ( #19
page 934)
 SUMMARY

 Steps in graphing linear inequality:

1. Change the inequality sign to an equal sign.
2. Draw the line that corresponds to the equation in Step 1.
 If the inequality is strict, use a dashed line.
If the inequality is not strict, use a solid line.
3. Test a point.
 Select a point (usually the origin) in one half-plane and test if
it satisfies the inequality.
4. Shade the half-plane that satisfy the inequality.
The graph of a system of inequalities can be obtained by
simultaneously graphing each individual inequality and finding where
the shaded regions intersect (or overlap).
 Week 7 Day 2

Steps in solving an optimization problem using linear

programming.

1. Write the objective function.

2. Write the constraints.
3. Graph the constraints.
4. Identify the vertices.
5. Identify the optimal solution.
 HOMEWORK

# 1, 3, 11, 17, 19 page 925

# 21, 33,39,45,47 page 926

# 5, 9, 11, 14, 17 page 933-934