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ERD More Normalisation Example

The document discusses data normalization. It defines normalization as organizing data attributes in a logical data model in a stable and flexible manner based on functional dependencies. It describes three normal forms - first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF) - and their definitions. It provides examples of how to transform relations to meet each normal form through removing repeating groups, eliminating partial dependencies, and removing transitive dependencies.

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Stuti Singh
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58 views11 pages

ERD More Normalisation Example

The document discusses data normalization. It defines normalization as organizing data attributes in a logical data model in a stable and flexible manner based on functional dependencies. It describes three normal forms - first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF) - and their definitions. It provides examples of how to transform relations to meet each normal form through removing repeating groups, eliminating partial dependencies, and removing transitive dependencies.

Uploaded by

Stuti Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ERD: Normalization

SEEM3430: Information Systems


Analysis and Design
Data Normalization
• Organize data attributes in the logical data mo
del so that they are grouped in a stable and fle
xible manner.
• Based on the functional dependence concept.

6-2
Functional Dependency
• Relationship between two attributes
– For any relation R, attribute B is functionally depe
ndent on attribute A if, for every valid instance of
A, that value of A uniquely determines the value o
f B.

6-3
Normal Form Description

First Normal A relation is in 1NF if it


Form (1NF) contains no repeating data
elements.

Second A relation is in 2NF if it is in


Normal Form 1NF and contains no partial
(2NF) functional dependencies.

Third Normal A relation is in 3NF if it is in


Form (3NF) 2NF and contains no
transitive dependencies.

Table 6-6. The Three Common Normalized Forms

6-4
First Normal Form (1NF)
• Contains no repeating elements
– any entity that contains one or more multivalued
attributes must be transformed
• Figure 6-10

6-5
Figure 6-10. The Three Common Normalized Forms
6-6
Second Normal Form (2NF)
• A relation is in 1NF and it contains no partial fu
nctional dependencies.
• Partial functional dependency exists when one
or more of the nonkey attributes can be define
d by less than the full primary key.

6-7
Figure 6-11. Second Normal Form
6-8
Third Normal Form (3NF)
• A relation is in 2NF and no transitive depende
ncies exist.
– Transitive Dependency: when one or more nonkey
attributes can be derived from one or more other
nonkey attributes

6-9
Figure 6-12. Third Normal Form
6-10
The fully Normalized ERD
• Shows all the entities, their attributes, and the
ir relationships to all other entities.
• From the logical data model, the physical mod
el of the database can be easily constructed.

6-11

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