Theme: “Physical Plant, Laboratory and Library:

Input to Relevant Education”

August 28-30, 2019

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
  Examine the improvement of physical conditions
of LUC’s and other educational inputs including
the direct relationship between school
infrastructure and educational performance
 Describe the responsibility of the school in
maintaining adequate physical plant to achieve
the its educational goals
 Identify the importance of laboratories in its
curriculum programs in attaining specific course
objectives
 Essential role of library in meeting the needs of
its stakeholders

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 Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 1

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
  This education profile describes recent trends
in Philippine education and student mobility
and provides an overview of the structure of
the education system in the Philippines
(Macha et al… WES)

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 Economic Outlook and Poverty

 The Philippine economy is booming and has, in fact, grown faster than all other Asian
economies except China and Vietnam in recent years. In 2017, the country’s GDP
increased by 6.7 percent and is projected to continue to grow by more than 6 percent
annually in 2018 and 2019.

 By some measures, economic growth in the Philippines is socially inclusive: according to

official statistics, the country’s poverty rate decreased from 26.6 percent in 2006 to
21.6 percent in 2015.

 The World Bank noted that between “.... 2012 and2015, household income among the
bottom 40 percent of the income distribution rose by an average annual rate of 7.6
percent”. At the same time, poverty remains a major and pervasive problem in the
Philippines, with efforts to reduce the problem progressing slowly and lagging behind
improvements made in other Southeast Asian countries. Income disparities are rampant
and economic growth is mostly concentrated in urban centers, while many rural regions
remain plagued by extreme levels of poverty.

https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/philippines official statistics:

https://psa.gov.ph/poverty-press-releases
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/07/01/philippines-remains-on-
strong-growth-path-in-2017-2018[13] the Asian Development Bank:
https://think-asia.org/

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  Philippine Development Plan, 2017-2022,
◦ Detailing the country’s aspirations for the next five
years.
 The plan envisions the Philippines becoming an upper-
middle income country by 2022, based on more inclusive
economic growth that will reduce inequalities and poverty,
particularly in rural areas.
 Human capital development is a key element in this strategy
and has been the impetus behind various political reforms
over the past years.
 Recent education reforms have sought to boost enrollment
levels, graduation rates and mean years of schooling in
elementary and secondary education, and to improve the
quality of higher education.
(Philippine Development Plan, 2017-2022: http://www.neda.gov.ph)

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  Problems in the School Sector
Many of these reforms were adopted against a backdrop of declining
educational standards in the Philippine education system during the first
decade of the 21stcentury.
◦ A UNESCO mid-decade assessment report of Southeast Asian education systems,
published in 2008, for example, found that participation and achievement rates in
basic education in the Philippines had fallen dramatically, owed to chronic
underfunding.
◦ Rising strongly from 85.1% in 1991 to 96.8% in 2000, net enrollment rates at the
elementary level, for instance, had dropped back down to 84.4 % by 2005.
◦ The completion rate in elementary school was estimated to be below 70 percent in
2005.
◦ The secondary level problems were omnipresent as well: the net enrollment rate in
secondary education, for example, had by 2005 dropped down to 58.5%, after
increasing from 55.4% to around 66% between 1991 and 2000.
◦ The country’s youth literacy rate, while still being high by regional standards fell from
96.6% in 1990 to 95.1% in 2003, making the Philippines the only country in South-
East Asia with declining youth literacy rates

◦ http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/education-for-all-mid-decade-
assessment-for-insular-south-east-asia-en_0.pdf
◦ :https://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps0816.pdf[
◦ http://documents.worldbank.org

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  Policy Response
◦“2013 Basic Education Act”
This act extended the elementary and secondary education cycle from 10 to 12years.
(the Philippines was one of only three countries in the world (the other two being
Angola and Djibouti, with a 10-year basic education cycle).
Step to improve the global competitiveness of the Philippines and bring the country
up to international standards.
Education spending was increased greatly: between 2005 (PHP 8,700) and 2014
(PHP 12,800).
Education expenditures have grown even further in 2017, allocations for the
Department of Education were increased by fully 25%, making education the largest
item on the national budget.
 In 2018, allocations for education increased by another 1.7% and currently stand at
PHP 533.31 billion (USD $ 10.26 billion), or 24% of all government expenditures (the
second largest item on the national budget).
 The higher education budget, likewise, was increased by almost 45% between 2016
and 2017.
To accommodate the reforms, 86,478classrooms were constructed, and over
128,000 new teachers hired in the Philippines between 2010 and 2015.

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/146869/k-12-takes-effect-this-june%E2%80%94deped
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/budget-watch/158147-deped-2017-
budget
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/budget-watch/191632-government-office-
2018-national-budget-overview
http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/
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  The Philippine National Development Plan is quite outspoken
on this subject and note that while “the number of higher
education institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines is ten times
more than its neighboring countries’, the Philippines’
lackluster performance in producing innovators... ,
◦ Researchers (81 researchers per million population
versus 205 in Indonesia and 115 in Vietnam), and
◦ Knowledge producers (28 out of 777 journals or 3.6
percent are listed under Thomson Reuters, Scopus, or
both)
◦ indicates ... that the country has lagged behind many of
its ASEAN neighbors in producing the ... researchers,
innovators ... and solutions providers needed to
effectively function in a knowledge economy”
Philippine Development Plan, 2017-2022: http://www.neda.gov.ph/

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  Student-teacher and student-classroom ratios, both of which
improved significantly from 2010 to 2013, from 38:1 to 29:1
and from 64:1 to 47:1.
 Elementary school completion rates also climbed from their
2005 low of under 70 percent to more than 83 percent in
2015.
 Net secondary school enrollment rates, meanwhile, increased
from under 60 percent in 2005 to 68.15 percent in 2015.
 The biggest advances, however, were made in pre-school
education.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/

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  The Philippines government continues to spend less per
student as a share of per capita GDP than several other
Southeast Asian countries,
 It also remains to be seen how the K-12 reforms will affect
indicators like teacher-to-student ratios.
 It was estimated, that the government still needed to hire
43,000 teachers and build 30,000 classrooms in order to
implement the changes.
 Strong population growth will also continue to put pressures
on the education system.
 The Philippines has one of the highest birth rates in Asia, and
the government expects the population to grow to 142
million people by 2045
http://documents.worldbank.org/
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/world/asia/philippin
es
https://psa.gov.ph
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  The gross tertiary enrollment rate increased from 27.5% in 2005
to 35.7% in 2014, while the total number of students enrolled in
tertiary education grew from 2.2 million in 1999 to 4.1 million in
2015/16.
 K-12 reforms will inevitably lead to decreased higher education
enrollments, at least in the short-term, since many of the
students that would usually have entered higher education after
grade 10 now have to complete two additional years of school.
Between 2015/16 and 2016/17, the total number of tertiary
students already dropped from 4.1 million to 3.6 million.
 CHED shows that undergraduate enrollments dropped by 12.7%
between the2015/16 and 2016/17 academic years, and
dropping further by 22% in 2017/18, before starting to recover
in 2018/19, when the first K-12 cohorts start to enter higher
education.
http://web.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/01
https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-education/philippine

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 Quality Improvements and Internationalization
 Instructors with master’s and doctoral degrees grew from
38.87% to 40.34% (2010-2015)
 HEIs with accredited education programs, increased by more
than 40% (2010-2017).
 Professional licensing examination, jumped from 33.9% to 58.6%
(2010-2015).
 CHED Transnational Education (TNE)-Transnational Programs
◦ “twinning, joint degree programs, dual degrees and franchise models in priority
fields of study between institutions in the Philippines and the UK”
◦ With estimated $2.1million funding from the British Council.

http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php
http://web.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CMO-62-s.-2016.pdf
https://www.britishcouncil.ph/tne/
https://thepienews.com/news/ched-british-council-philippines-universities-
selected-uk-tne-projects/

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 Outbound Mobility
 Number of Filipino students enrolled in degree programs abroad
increased from 5,087 to 14,696 students (1999-2016). Projected to be
among the world’s top 20 countries in terms of tertiary enrollments by
2035.
 Top destination countries:
◦ Australia – 4,432 United States-3,000+; New Zeland-1,105; U.K.-698;
Saudi Arabia-693; Italy-561; Japan-488; UAE, Korea, Canada- 400-450
students.
Inbound Student Mobility
 Number of international students enrolled: 8,208/17,000/24,000
(CHED, UIS, UNESCO).
 Source of students are from Asia due to English Language Training (ELT)

http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php
http://web.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CMO-62-s.-2016.pdf
https://www.britishcouncil.ph/tne/
https://thepienews.com/news/ched-british-council-philippines-universities-selected-
uk-tne-projects/

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 QUALITY ASSURANCE and ACCREDITATION
LEVELS SPAN REQUIREMENTS BENEFITS
STATUS
1-3 CHED CMO Standards + Program recognition by
I years Additional criteria CHED, Improved program
Initial deliveries

3-5 Compliance of deficiencies CHED Deregulated +

II years from Level I + additional CHED funding; industry
Re-accredited criteria linkages; improved areas

III 3-5 Compliance of deficiencies Independent in creating &

Re-accredited years from Level II + high passing establishing new programs
rate in PRC exams; strong including graduate school.
research culture; high Additional CHED funding
employment rate (COD & COE)
IV 3-5 Compliance of deficiencies Full autonomy in running
Re-accredited years from Level IV + High research Level IV programs,
publications (local & additional CHED funding
international); High (COD,COE, TNE ++);
25th ALCUCOA CAPABILITY BUILDING
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international linkages International recognitions.
August 28-30, 2019 22
 End of Session 1

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
 Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 2

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 SCHOOL as second home….
Fact is infrastructure plays a
budding hand in creating a
 boosting their confidence favorable environment for a
to making them understand child's growth
the relevance of education ,
 learn the importance of
team work and
socialization,
 place for students to spend
their maximum time,
 there is an experienced
hand to guide them ,
 a safe environment
promoting personal growth
and development….

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 INFRASTRUCTURE
Buildings, classrooms,
laboratories, library, offices
and equipment…
 strong evidences that high-
quality infrastructure
facilitates better instruction,
improves student outcomes,
and reduces dropout rates
 recent study found that
environmental and design
elements of school
infrastructure together
explained 16% of variation in
students’ academic progress.

Source: PLV.edu.ph
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 Design of education
infrastructure affecting
learning…
 Factors:
◦ naturalness(e.g. light, air
quality),
◦ stimulation (e.g.
complexity, color),and
◦ individualization (e.g.
flexibility of the learning
space).

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 A growing body of research has found that school facilities can
have a profound impact on both teacher and student outcomes.
With respect …..
 to teachers, school facilities affect
 teacher recruitment,
 retention,
 commitment,
 and effort.
 to students, school facilities affect
 health,
 behavior,
 engagement ,
 learning,
 and growth in achievement.
Thus, it is generally concluded that without adequate facilities and resources,
it is extremely difficult to serve large numbers of students with complex needs.
(https://interioravenue.net/2017/11/06/improving-student-outcomes/)

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 21st Century Teaching and
Learning
ASSESSMENT TEACHING

• Creativity
• Problem Solving
WAYS OF THINKING • Critical Thinking
• Decision-Making
Reconfiguring seating arrangements
• Teamwork
to facilitate various modes of
WAYS OF WORKING • Collaboration
• Communication
teaching and learning

• Information &
TOOLS FOR WORKING Communication
Technology
• Information Literacy

•Citizenship
SKILLS FOR LIVING IN •Life & Career
THE WORLD •Personal & Social
Responsibility
Source: Arcega, R.,ALCUCOA

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
 A competitive advantage…
Accounting classroom

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 A competitive advantage…

Lecture Hall/Mini Auditorium

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 Schools should create an
environment that not only
assures learning, but also pays
special attention to the mental
and physical well-being of the
students.
Studies and researches conducted
to figure out the effect of
infrastructure suggest that
students in schools with poor
infrastructure can have lower
achievement scores as compared
to the ones studying in schools
that have better infrastructure
and facilities

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 A competitive advantage…

Health & Wellness/Sports Facilities

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 A competitive advantage…
LABORATORIES

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 A competitive advantage…

Library Facilities

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 A competitive advantage…

Lecture Hall/Mini Auditorium

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  School buildings, classrooms, playgrounds and
libraries are the most important aspect of school
infrastructure.
 Spacious and refurbished buildings and well-
ventilated classrooms are a must in schools.
Well-equipped labs enable them to perform lab
activities more effectively.
 Facilities like extracurricular workshops,
libraries, halls, games equipment, assembly area
and proper sanitation facilities are essentials that
every school should provide to its students.

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 End of SESSION 2

THANK YOU SO MUCH!!

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 Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 3

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
 School buildings, classrooms, playgrounds
and libraries are the most important aspect of
school infrastructure
 Spacious and refurbished buildings and well-
ventilated class rooms are a must in schools.

25th ALCUCOA CAPABILITY

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  Identification of challenges in education
◦ Data analysis revealed broad as well as acute
challenges that differ based on education level or
geographic area.
◦ For example, localities with more students enrolled
in overcrowded schools also have higher grade
repetition, age-grade distortion and dropout rates,
suggesting that poor learning environments and
inadequate infrastructure negatively affects
students.
◦ That there is a positive statistically significant
correlation of 0.15 between age-grade distortion in
upper secondary education and overcrowding.

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 Source:

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 Site
 Wholesome
environment
 Accessible and
adequate size with
sufficient land area for
future expansion
needs
Campus
 Adequate campus
Aesthetically attractive.
Source: Umak.edu.ph

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 Building
 Functionally designed.
 Well-planned to meet
future needs.
 Adequate stairways
 Well-illuminated and
ventilated

Building Services
 Sufficient water supply.
 Adequate custodial
services.
 Sufficient lockers and fire
Source: PLV.edu.ph
extinguishers.

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 Classrooms
 At least 1.5 sq.m. per
student
 Adequate furniture and
blackboard space.
 Pleasant atmosphere. Source: PLV.edu.ph

 Well ventilated and well

illuminated.

Source:https://interioravenue.net
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 Auditorium
 Adequate sitting capacity
 Functionally designed and
with good acoustics
 Adequate facilities and
equipment

Source: Umak.edu.ph

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DR. ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
 Athletic Services
 Accessible and
sufficient facilities
 Suitable arrangements
for athletic activities
during rainy season

Source: Umak.edu.ph
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 Food Service Areas
 Adequate for School
population
 Conveniently located
 Sanitary; with sanitary
permit/certificate.
 Reasonable price.
 Nutritious food

Source: PLV.edu.ph

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 Offices and Staff Rooms
 Adequate administrative
offices, staff rooms,
counseling rooms, and
reception areas.
 Mail and bulletin board
facilities.
 Clean, conveniently located
Source: PLV.edu.ph;ceu.edu.ph and equipped rest rooms.

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 Student Activities
 Adequate space and
equipment for
different student
activities.

Source: umak.edu.ph
Source: tip.edu.ph; umak.edu.ph

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 Infirmary and Clinic
 Adequately
equipped infirmary
and clinic for
physical and dental
examinations.
 Provision for
privacy and quiet
atmosphere;
effective staff
services. Source: donbosco.edu.ph

25th ALCUCOA CAPABILITY BUILDING PROGRAM DR.

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 Source: umak.edu.ph Source: plv.edu.ph

Simulation Room Bookstore

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 Source: plv.edu.ph

Source: tcu.edu.ph Source: tcu.edu.ph

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 End of SESSION 3
THANK YOU SO MUCH!!

25th ALCUCOA CAPABILITY BUILDING PROGRAM DR. August 28-30, 2019

ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
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 Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 4: WORKSHOP 1

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Session 5

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 GOALS FOR LABORATORY EXPERIENCES
 Enhancing mastery of subject matter
◦ enhance student understanding of specific scientific facts and
concepts and of the way in which these facts and concepts are
organized in the scientific disciplines.
 Developing scientific reasoning
◦ promote a student’s ability to identify questions and concepts that
guide scientific investigations; to design and conduct scientific
investigations; to develop and revise scientific explanations and
models; to recognize and analyze alternative explanations and models
 Understanding the complexity and ambiguity of
empirical work
◦ students learn to address the challenges inherent in directly
observing and manipulating the material world, including
troubleshooting equipment used to make observations

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 Developing practical skills
◦ develop skills in using scientific equipment correctly and safely,
making observations, taking measurements, and carrying out
well-defined scientific procedures.
 Understanding of the nature of principles, theories
& models of the course
◦ understand the values and assumptions inherent in the
development and interpretation of scientific knowledge, theories,
models, and explanations that change over time on the basis of
new evidence.
 Developing teamwork abilities
◦ promote a student’s ability to collaborate effectively with others in
carrying out complex tasks, to share the work of the task, to
assume different roles at different times, and to contribute and
respond to ideas.

"National Research Council. 2006. Lab Report: The National

Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11311.

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 Achieving the goals
 Design with clear learning outcomes in mind,
 thoughtfully sequenced into the flow of
classroom instructions,
 integrate learning concepts, theories, model
content and process, and
 incorporate ongoing student reflection and
discussion.
(Linn, Davis, and Bell, 2004a; Cobb et al., 2003; Design-Based
Research Collective, 2003).

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 Critical Principles of Learning

 Learner-Centered Environments
-integrated instructional units are designed bring to the setting, including
cultural practices and beliefs, as well as knowledge of academic content

 Knowledge-Centered Environments
-based on the principle that learning is enhanced when the environment is
knowledge-centered. That is, the laboratory experiences and other
instruction included in integrated instructional units are designed to help
students learn with understanding, rather than simply acquiring sets of
disconnected facts and skills

"National Research Council. 2006. Lab Report: The National Academies Press. doi:
10.17226/11311.

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  Community-Centered Environments
-”learning is enhanced in a community setting, when students and teachers
share norms that value knowledge and participation”(Cobb et al., 2001)
- students have multiple opportunities to articulate their ideas to peers and
to hear and discuss others’ ideas.

 Assessment Learning
-formative assessments provide students with feedback opportunities to
revise and improve the quality of their thinking while also making their
thinking apparent to teachers.

(Linn, Davis, and Bell, 2004a; Cobb et al., 2003; Design-Based

Research Collective, 2003).

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  Rooms& Facilities

◦ Spacious, well-ventilated
and well lighted.
◦ Adequacy of points of
entries & exits Source: umak.edu.ph
◦ Adequacy, condition and
relevance of facilities
conforming to established
standards on furnishing &
fixtures

Source: ue.edu.ph

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  Specialized Rooms
◦ Adequately equipped
with;
◦ -Necessary facilities

 P.E. ROOMS
◦ Properly equipped with;
◦ Toilets, lavatories &
showers
◦ Lockers
◦ Outdoor/indoor
Source: ceumakati.edu.ph facilities

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ARMANDO T. LAGUIMUN
 Source: tcu.edu.ph

Basis of Professional Foundation…

SPECIALIZED LABORATORIES

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 Source: ceu.edu.ph

Basis of Professional Foundation…

SPECIALIZED LABORATORIES

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 A competitive advantage…
BIOLOGY LABORATORY

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 Source: plv.edu.ph

Basis of Professional Foundation

Materials Laboratory
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 Source: feu.edu.ph

Basis of Professional Foundation

Specialized Laboratory
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  Computer Laboratory

◦ Adequately equipped with

computers.
◦ With updated hardware &
software programs
◦ Required ratio of 1
computer: 1 student (1:1)

Source:

Source: adu.edu.ph

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  Maintenance&
Improvement
◦ System of maintenance is
adopted.
◦ Updated laboratory
equipment, apparatuses
& supplies.
◦ Laboratory technicians
are available

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 RESEARCH FACILITIES.
 Available room & facilities
for research activities

Sources:spuqc.edu.ph
Sources ; uv.edu.ph; vsu.edu.ph
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 HEI Standards Guidelines+1
on
LABORATORIES
Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 6: WORKSHOP 2

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 Power of Library:
A venue of Learning Inputs
for Quality Outcomes
Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 7

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 Source: plv.edu.ph

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  Students benefit from library instruction in their
initial coursework
◦ Information literacy instruction provided to students during
their initial coursework helps them acquire a common set
of competencies for their undergraduate studies. “that
students receiving this instruction perform better in their
courses than students who do not”. (Brown, K., Malefant, K.,
2017, ACRL)

 Library use increases student success

◦ Several studies point to increased academic success when
students use the library. Analysis of multiple data points
showed that students who used the library achieved higher
levels of academic success (e.g., GPA, course grades,
retention) than students who did not use the library.

August 28-30, 2019

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 Collaborative academic programs and services
involving the library enhance student learning.
◦ Academic library partnerships with other campus units,
such as the writing center, academic enrichment, and
speech lab, yield positive benefits for students (e.g.,
higher grades, academic confidence, retention).
 Information literacy instruction strengthens general
education outcomes.
◦ Several findings demonstrate different ways that
information literacy contributes to inquiry-based and
problem-solving learning, including effective
identification and use of information, critical thinking,
ethical reasoning, and civic engagement. (Brown, K.,
Malefant, K., 2017, ACRL)

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  Library research consultations boost student
learning.
◦ One -on- one or small-group reference and research
assistance with a librarian enhances academic success, as
documented by such factors as student confidence, GPAs,
and improved achievement on course assignments. (Brown,
K., Malefant, K., 2017, ACRL)

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  Administration
◦ Qualified full-time library
◦ Licensed and MA/MS
Library Science/ Doctoral
Degree.
 Personnel
◦ Full time with license
◦ With support staff
 Paraprofessional
librarian
 BS degree in any
discipline
Source: feu.edu.ph

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  Collections
 Financial Support ◦ Collection Development
◦ Adequate funds for  Extensive Filipiniana
operation and collections (quality
maintenance. collections).
◦ Library fees used for ◦ Written collection policy
collection development ◦ Holdings
 Core book collections
 Professional titles
 reserve books: 1 copy/25
students
 periodicals

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  Services and Use
◦ Open shelf system
◦ Frequent, judicious and
productive use of library
facilities.
◦ Availability of
professional staff during
class hours.
◦ Library open for 10 hours
daily (Monday-Friday) and
4 hours on Saturday.
◦ Equitable Lending policies
◦ Photocopying services are
provided.
◦ Audio-visual services are
provide Source: tip.edu.ph;

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  Physical
◦ Adequate space and
appropriate facilities;
accessible; strategically
planned and functionally
designed.
◦ Adequate reading/research
space: SEATING CAPACITY at
1.86 sq.m./reader
◦ Shelves not more than 2.12
meters high.
◦ Standard furniture and
equipment.
◦ Well lighted, well ventilated
and acoustically suited for
quiet reading; aesthetically
attractive.
◦ Security measures are
adopted to safeguard the Source:dlsu.edu.ph
collections
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 HEI Standards Guidelines+1
on
LIBRARY
Dr. Armando T. Laguimun, CPM
Session 8: WORKSHOP 3

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