PLANNING 3

BASIC PLANNING CONCEP

A PRESENTATION BY MA. CHIELA B. ANDAL & EDWARD VINCENT G. TOLENTINO ARC-4204
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
 - The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which self-contained
communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of
residences, industry, and agriculture. The idea was initiated in 1898 by Sir
Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom.

-Looking Backward and Henry George's work Progress and Poverty

-To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898 (which was reissued in 1902 as
Garden Cities of To-morrow).

-His idealized garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of 6,000 acres
(2,400 ha), planned on a concentric pattern with open spaces, public parks and
six radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the centre. The garden
city would be self-sufficient and when it reached full population, another garden
city would be developed nearby. Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden
cities as satellites of a central city of 58,000 people, linked by road and rail.

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
 Letch worth – 35 miles from London
 Land of 3822 acres
 Reserved Green belt – 1300 acres
 Designed for a maximum of 35000
population
 In 30 years – developed with 15000
population & 150 shops,
industriesLETCHWORTH , UK Health of
the Country Comforts of the Town

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

DENENCHOFU DISTRICT, TOKYO, JAPAN

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

JARDIM, SAU PAULO, BRAZIL

GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT

BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

GEDDESIAN THEORY
SIR PATRICK GEDDES
- Geddes was concerned with the relationship between people and cities and
how they affect one another.

-He emphasized that people do not simply need shelter, but also food and work,
the recreation and social life.

-The house an close part of the neighborhood, the city and the surrounding open
country and the region.

- Geddes was the originator of the idea and technique of Regional survey and city
survey

- This town planning primarily meant establishing organic relationship among ‘Folk
place and work’, which corresponds to triad

-( Geddesian triad ) of organism, function and environment

GEDDESIAN THEORY
-Geddes was thinking about the relation between people and the places and their
impacts on each other. He mentioned that people may not just need to have a
good shelter, but they also do have a need for food, work, and some social life.

GEDDIAN TRIO REPRESENTATION

GEDDESIAN THEORY
GEDDESIAN THEORY
GEDDESIAN THEORY
-The valley section is a complex model, which combines physical condition-geology
and geomorphology and their biological associations-with so called natural or basic
occupations such as miner, hunter, shepherd or fisher, and with the human
settlements that arise from them.

GEDDES ILLUSTRATED THE SECTION USING THE LANDSCAPE OF EDINBURGH

GEDDESIAN THEORY
- The term “Conurbation” was coined in 1915 by Patrick Geddes in his book Cities
in Evolution.

- A Conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns and other

urban areas that through population growth and physical expansion have
merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area.

- New York metropolitan area is an example of Conurbation (the tri state region)

- Constellation theory means “4 or more cities which are not economically,

politically, socially equal come together in developing a whole region.

GEDDESIAN THEORY
TEL AVIV, ISRAEL

GEDDESIAN THEORY
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
C. A. PERRY
-It is an American idea and is based on the simple principle that one is planning for
society and not for aggregate of houses.

-The neighbourhood planning is an attempt to form various physical units of

residential areas in which people belonging to a particular rank of life settles or
stay.

-It is the intention of a town planner to rejuvenate the valuable idea of

neighbourhood which have been lost in busy uncontrolled city life.

-It is a small unit which serves the local community and encourages them to
foster a neighbourhood spirit or relationship which seems to have been lost in the
modern city life.

-it should possess the best qualities of small town to facilitate the acquaintance
and neighbourly relations and also be broad enough to accommodate sufficient
people to enable each individual to come in contact with people of different strata
of society and compatible tastes.

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
1. SIZE
-The town is divided into self-contained units or sectors of 10,000 population.
-This is further divided into smaller units called neighbourhood unit with 2,000 to
5,000 based on the requirement of one primary school.
-The size of the unit is therefore limited to about 1 to 1. 5 sq km i.e. within walk
able distance of 10 to 15minutes.

2. BOUNDARIES
-The unit should be bounded on all its sides by main road, wide enough for traffic.

3. PROTECTIVE STRIPS
-These are necessary to protect the neighbourhood from annoyance of traffic and,
to provide suitable facilities for developing parks, playgrounds, and road widening
scheme in future. These are also called Minor Green Belts.

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
4. INTERNAL STREETS
-The internal streets are designed to ensure safety to the people and the school
going children in particular, since the mothers are anxious every day till the safe
return of the child. It should circulate throughout the unit with easy access to
shops and community centres.

5. LAYOUT OF BUILDINGS
-To encourage neighbourhood relation and secure social stability and balance,
houses to suit the different income group should be provided such as single family
houses, double family houses, cottages, flats, etc.

6. SHOPPING CENTERS
-Each shop should be located on the circumference of the unit, preferably at traffic
junctions and adjacent to the neighbourhood units.

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
7. COMMUNITY CENTERS
-Each community will have its center with social , cultural, and recreational
amenities.

8. FACILITIES
-All public facilities required for the family for their comfort and convenience
should be within easy reach.
-These include the primary school, temple, club, retail shop, sport centre, etc. –
-These should be located within 1km in the central place so as to form a nucleus to
develop social life of the unit.

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
VENICE, FLORIDA

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
PALM BEACH, FLORIDA

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

RADBURN’S THEORY
CONCEIVED BY: CLARANCE STEIN & HENRY WRIGHT
-Radburn design housing (also called Radburn housing, Radburn design, Radburn
principle, or Radburn concept) is a concept for planned housing estates, based on
a design that was originally used in Radburn, New Jersey, United States.

-The 2900 residents of Radburn share 23 acres of interior parks, which yield 345
square foot /person.

-Radburn works as a garden city and a wonderful example of a well designed

community because every piece is integrated perfectly into one body.

-The design is typified by the backyards of homes facing the street and the fronts of
homes facing one another, over common yards.It is an offshoot of American
designs from the English garden city movement and culminated in the design of
the partly-built 1929 Radburn estate.

-The street plan formed a pattern of rectangular blocks divided into rectangular
lots that were usually very narrow to conserve on streets.

RADBURN’S THEORY
ELEMENTS OF RADBURN’S IDEA:

-Super Block
-Specialized Highway system
-Complete separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic
-Park as backbone of the neighborhood
-turned around houses

RADBURN’S THEORY
FLOOR PLAN
The houses were oriented in reverse of
the conventional placement on the lot.
Kitchens and garages faced the road;
living rooms and bedrooms turned
toward the garden. Pathways provided
uninterrupted pedestrian access to a
continuous park strip, which led to
large common open spaces within the
centre of the superblock.

RADBURN’S THEORY
RADBURN’S THEORY
RADBURN’S THEORY
RADBURN’S THEORY
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

SATELLITE TOWN/CITY CONC

-A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers
essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to,
but are mostly independent of larger metropolitan areas.

-Satellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a large metropolis, that:
•predate the metropolis' suburban expansion
•are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and
socially
•are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory or by a major
geographic barrier such as a large river; satellite cities should have their own
independent urbanized area, or equivalent
•have their own bedroom communities
•have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city"
neighbourhoods
•may or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis' Combined
Statistical Area

-Conceptually, satellite cities are miniature metro areas on the fringe of larger
ones. Satellite cities are sometimes listed as part of the larger metro area, and
sometimes listed as totally independent.
SATELLITE TOWN/CITY CONCEPT
ATLANTIC CITY, NJ-SATELLITE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

SATELLITE TOWN/CITY
GRAY, ESSEX-SATELLITE OF LONDON

SATELLITE TOWN/CITY
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
-Ribbon development is building houses along the routes of communications
radiating from a human settlement.

-Normally and the very first ribbons are focussed on roads. Following the
Industrial Revolution, ribbon development became prevalent along railway lines:
predominantly in Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

-It can also occur along ridge lines, canals and coastlines, the last occurring
especially as people seeking sea change lifestyles build their houses where they
can get the best view.

-Ribbon development can also be compared with a linear village, a village that
grew along a transportation route, not as part of a city's expansion.

-The resulting towns and cities are often difficult to service efficiently. Often, the
first problems noticed by residents is traffic congestion, as people compete to
move along the narrow urban corridor while ever more people join the ribbon
further along the corridor. Urban consolidation is often a solution to encourage
growth towards a more compact urban form.

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
RIBBON DEVELOPMENT

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
RIBBON DEVELOPMENT IN BELGIUM

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
RIBBON DEVELOPMENT IN BELGIUM

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEME

DANIEL BURNHAM
-The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy of North American
architecture and urban planning.

-It has an intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities.

-The movement promoted beauty not only for its own sake, but also to create
moral and civic virtue among urban populations.

-Advocates of the philosophy believed that such beautification could promote a

harmonious social order that would increase the quality of life.

-Architectural Design Cult

-The particular architectural style of the movement borrowed mainly from the
contemporary Beaux-Arts and neoclassical architectures, which emphasized the
necessity of order, dignity, and harmony.

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

MANILA PLAN

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS PLAN

CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT

BASIC PLANNING CONCEPT

BROAD ACRE CITY

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
-Broadacre City was an urban or suburban development concept
proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright throughout most of his lifetime. He
presented the idea in his book The Disappearing City in 1932. A few
years later he unveiled a very detailed twelve by twelve foot (3.7 × 3.7
m) scale model representing a hypothetical four square mile (10 km²)
community.
-Broadacre City was the antithesis of a city and the apotheosis of the
newly born suburbia, shaped through Wright's particular vision.It was
both a planning statement and a socio-political scheme by which each
U.S. family would be given a one acre (4,046.86 m²) plot of land from
the federal lands reserves, and a Wright-conceived community would
be built anew from this. In a sense it was the exact opposite of transit-
oriented development. There is a train station and a few office and
apartment buildings in Broadacre City, but the apartment dwellers are
expected to be a small minority. All important transport is done by
automobile and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines
of the one acre (4,046.86 m²) plots where most of the population
dwells.
BROADACRE CITY
THE END