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Prime Mover Refers To A Machine or Device That Converts

- A prime mover is a machine that converts energy from natural sources into mechanical energy, typically through engines or turbines. Common prime movers include steam engines, steam turbines, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and electric motors. - Steam engines convert the heat energy of pressurized steam into linear motion via pistons or into rotational motion via a crankshaft. Steam turbines similarly use the kinetic energy of steam jets to rotate turbine blades and shafts. - Internal combustion engines burn fuel to power pistons or turbines, while gas turbines combine jet engine and steam turbine designs to power compressor blades. - Electric motors convert electrical energy into rotational motion using magnetic and current interactions within the motor.

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Абдельнасир Абдельрахман
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419 views8 pages

Prime Mover Refers To A Machine or Device That Converts

- A prime mover is a machine that converts energy from natural sources into mechanical energy, typically through engines or turbines. Common prime movers include steam engines, steam turbines, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and electric motors. - Steam engines convert the heat energy of pressurized steam into linear motion via pistons or into rotational motion via a crankshaft. Steam turbines similarly use the kinetic energy of steam jets to rotate turbine blades and shafts. - Internal combustion engines burn fuel to power pistons or turbines, while gas turbines combine jet engine and steam turbine designs to power compressor blades. - Electric motors convert electrical energy into rotational motion using magnetic and current interactions within the motor.

Uploaded by

Абдельнасир Абдельрахман
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Prime mover

Prime mover refers to a machine or device that converts


energy from natural sources to mechanical energy. It is
typically an engine or turbine.
Steam engines: An engine in which the energy of hot
steam is converted into mechanical power, especially an
engine in which the force of expanding steam is used to
drive one or more pistons. The source of the steam is
typically external to the part of the machine that converts
the steam energy into mechanical energy.
A Steam engine is a machine for converting the
heat energy of pressurized steam into mechanical
energy, using steam as a medium, or working
fluid. When water is converted into steam it
expands, its volume increasing about 1,600 times.
The force produced by the conversion is the basis
of all steam engines.
The high pressure steam from boiler enters the
engine cylinder through the passage uncovered by
D-slide valve. Steam exerts pressure on the piston
head which pushes it to move to the other end.
The linear motion of piston rod is converted into
rotary motion of the crank by means of a
connecting rod. After reaching the piston to the
other end of the cylinder, the passage close to
that end opens by D-side valve and the high
pressure steam rushes inside the cylinder. The
motion to D-slide valve is obtained from the
crankshaft by means a valve rod connected to the
eccentric. Now steam acts on the other face of the
piston to push it towards the other end of
cylinder and meanwhile the steam available in the
cylinder on the other side of piston is exhausted
from the engine cylinder through an exhaust
passage. As a result of the to and fro
motion of piston, the power is made available at crank shaft of the engine that
can be used to turn wheels of an automobile.

Steam turbines: Any apparatus which can convert heat energy into mechanical
work is called a heat engine Thus; the steam turbine is just as much a heat
engine as is a steam or internal combustion engine. The steam turbine is
different, however in the manner in which it converts the heat energy into
mechanical work.

Steam turbine is a rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is
converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate.

- A Turbine is a device which converts the heat energy of steam into the
kinetic energy & then to rotational energy.

- The Motive Power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in


momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade
which is free to rotate.

- The basic cycle for the steam turbine power plant is the Rankine cycle.
The modern power plant uses the rankine cycle modified to include
superheating, regenerative feed water heating & reheating.

a) Impulse turbine

- There is no pressure drop across moving blades. Steam energy is transferred


to the rotor entirely by the steam jets striking the moving blades. Since
there is no pressure drop, negligible thrust is produced.

b) Reaction turbine

- Steam expands in both the stationary & moving blades. Moving blades also
act as nozzles. High axial thrust is produced.

c) Combination of Impulse & Reaction turbine


Difference between impulse and reaction turbine
Impulse turbine Reaction turbine
-Pressure drops in nozzles and not in -Pressure drops in fixed blade
moving blade as well as in moving blades

-Constant blade channel area -Varying blade channel area

-Profile type blades -Aerofoil type blades

-Restricted round or incomplete -All round or complete admission of


admission of steam steam

-Nozzles impart kinetic energy ton -Fixed blades similar to moving


steam Occupies less space for same blades casing serve as nozzles and
power guide the steam

-Higher efficiency in initial stage -Higher efficiency in final stages.

-Suitable for small power requirements -Suitable for medium or high


power requirements.

-Blade manufacturing process is


-Blade manufacturing is not difficult
difficult
-Velocity of steam is high
-Velocity of steam is less.
I. C. Engines: The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an engine in which the
combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air)
in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the
high-temperature and pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct
force to some component of the engine, such as pistons, turbine blades, or a
nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, generating useful
mechanical energy.
The operation of the four-stroke ICE consists of four basic steps that repeat with
every two revolutions of the engine:
1.Suction: Combustible mixtures are emplaced in the combustion chamber
2.Compression: The mixtures are placed under pressure
3.Combustion (Power): The mixture is burnt, almost invariably a deflagration,
although a few systems involve detonation. The hot mixture is expanded,
pressing on and moving parts of the engine and performing useful work.
4.Exhaust: The cooled combustion products are exhausted into the atmosphere.
Gas turbines: A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type
of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating
compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion
chamber in-between.
The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power
plant except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows
through a compressor that brings it to higher pressure. Energy is then added
by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it so the combustion generates a
high-temperature flow. This high-temperature high-pressure gas enters a
turbine, where it expands down to the exhaust pressure, producing a shaft
work output in the process. The turbine shaft work is used to drive the
compressor and other devices such as an electric generator that may be
coupled to the shaft. The energy that is not used for shaft work comes out
in the exhaust gases, so these have either a high temperature or a high
velocity. The purpose of the gas turbine determines the design so that the
most desirable energy form is maximized. Gas turbines are used to power
aircraft, trains, ships, electrical generators, or even tanks

Electric motors: An electric motor is an electric machine that


converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the
interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding
currents to generate force within the motor. In certain applications,
such as in the transportation industry with traction motors, electric
motors can operate in both motoring and generating or braking
modes to also produce electrical energy from mechanical energy.

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