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Function and Relation: Julius C. Pagdilao, LPT

The document defines and provides examples of relations and functions. It discusses different ways of representing relations and functions, including sets of ordered pairs, tables of values, mappings, graphs, and equations. It also covers evaluating and performing operations on functions.

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61 views

Function and Relation: Julius C. Pagdilao, LPT

The document defines and provides examples of relations and functions. It discusses different ways of representing relations and functions, including sets of ordered pairs, tables of values, mappings, graphs, and equations. It also covers evaluating and performing operations on functions.

Uploaded by

Mrvn Ssn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Function and Relation

Julius C. Pagdilao, LPT


Definition

Relation – the pairing or association of some kind


between quantities that can be one-to-one,
one-to-many, or many-to-one. It is any ordered
pairs.
Function – a relation in which an element in the
domain corresponds with one and only one in
the range. It is an association between
quantities that can either be one-to-one or
many-to-one.
Types of Relation

x y
Many-to-One Relation

Manga Bagoong
La Union San
Ube Macapuno
Fernando
Pampanga
Puto Dinuguan
Malolos
Bulacan
Balanga
Bataan
One-to-One Relation
x y
Types of Relation

x y

1 2
-2
2 4
-4
3 6
-6

One-to-Many Relation
Different Ways of Expressing Functions
and Relations
Set of Ordered Pairs
Table of Values
Mappings
Graphs
Equations
Set of Ordered Pairs

An ordered pair (x, y) is composed of two


coordinates: the x-coordinate or the abscissa
and y-coordinate or ordinate. In a set of ordered
pairs, the domain is the set of all x-coordinate
(first coordinates), while the range is the set of all
y-coordinate (second coordinates).
Set of Ordered Pairs

The set of ordered pairs can be considered as a


function if:
Every element in the set is composed of different x
and y-coordinates; and
No common x-coordinate exist in the given set.
Set of Ordered Pairs

Examples
A= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
B= {(2, -3), (3, -2), (4, -1), (5, 0), (7, 2)}
C= {(1, 1), (1, -1), (2, 2), (2, -2),
(3, 3), (3, -3), (4, 4), (4, -4)}
D= {(-1, 1), (1, 1), (-2, 4), (2, 4), (-3, 9), (3, 9)}
Table of Values

The set of ordered pairs can be written as a


table of values still composed of x and y-
coordinate. The x-coordinate are written on the
first row and below are y-coordinates.
Table of Values

Examples
A= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
B= {(2, -3), (3, -2), (4, -1), (5, 0), (7, 2)}
C= {(1, 1), (1, -1), (2, 2), (2, -2),
(3, 3), (3, -3), (4, 4), (4, -4)}
D= {(-1, 1), (1, 1), (-2, 4), (2, 4), (-3, 9), (3, 9)}
Mappings

Functions can be written as mappings in which


the values on the left side, which represent x-
coordinates, will be matched with values on the
right side, which represent the y-coordinates.
Mappings

Examples
A= {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
B= {(2, -3), (3, -2), (4, -1), (5, 0), (7, 2)}
C= {(1, 1), (1, -1), (2, 2), (2, -2),
(3, 3), (3, -3), (4, 4), (4, -4)}
D= {(-1, 1), (1, 1), (-2, 4), (2, 4), (-3, 9), (3, 9)}
Graph

The Vertical Line Test can be used in order to


determine if a graph is a function or mere
relation.
Draw a vertical line passing through the graph in the
Rectangular Coordinate Plane.
Determine the number of point/s of intersection
between the graph and the vertical line.
Equation

 Functions and relations can be expressed by means


of an equation. Here are some guidelines for us to
easily identify if an equation is not a function. We
cannot consider an equation a function if:
 There is no y in equation;
 The exponent of y is an even number;
 y is in absolute value symbol; and
 The relationship is not in the equality form.
Equation

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑦 > 𝑥
𝑦 = |𝑥| + 2
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 2
Function Notation

Functions are being written in different ways. For


instance, the function in which every element in
the range is “3 more than” the corresponding
element in the domain can be written using any
of these form:
Function Notation

1. f : x → x + 3
 This is being read as “under function f, x maps to
x+3” or “under f, x is assigned to x+3” or “the image
of x under f is x+3”.
2. x → x + 3
 This being read the same way as number 1.
Function Notation

1. f = {(x, y): y = x + 3}
 This is being read as “the function f is the set of all
ordered pairs (x, y), such that y equals x+3”
2. f(x) = x + 3
 This being read as “f of x equals x+3”.
3. y = x + 3
 This being read as “y equals x+3”.
Evaluating Functions

Like algebraic expression, functions can also be


evaluated.
The process on how we evaluate algebraic
expressions will be applied, wherein:
1. We substitute the given numerical value for the given
variables; and
2. We simplify the resulting expression.
Evaluating Functions

Examples
1. Find the numerical value of 𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 + 15 𝑎𝑡 𝑓(−3).
2. Given the function, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5, find:
1
a. 𝑓 2
b. 𝑓 2
Evaluating Functions

3. Given: 𝑓 𝑥 = −2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7, find:


a. 𝑓 −1
b. 𝑓 3
1
c. 𝑓 −
2
Operations on Functions

Definitions.
The Sum of Two Functions
𝒇 + 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 + 𝒈(𝒙)
The Difference of Two Functions
𝒇 − 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 − 𝒈(𝒙)
Operations on Functions

Definitions.
The Product of Two Functions
𝒇 • 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒙 • 𝒈(𝒙)
The Quotient of Two Functions
𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒙 =
𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)
Operations on Functions

Example. Perform the indicated operations on


functions. Use the given functions below.
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 1
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 9
ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 + 121
𝑘 𝑥 =𝑥−3
𝑙 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9
𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 11
Operations on Functions

1. 𝑓+𝑔 ℎ
7.
2. 𝑔+𝑚 𝑚
𝑔
3. 𝑓−𝑙 8.
𝑘
4. 𝑚−𝑔
5. 𝑓•𝑘
6. 𝑙•𝑚
Exercises

Perform the indicated operations on functions.


Use the given functions below.
𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 3
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 36
ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 64
𝑘 𝑥 =𝑥−6
𝑙 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 12
𝑚 𝑥 =𝑥+8
Exercises

1. ℎ(−2) 6. (𝑓 − 𝑚)(3)
2. 𝑙 −
1 7. 𝑘 • 𝑚
2
2 8. (𝑔 • 𝑘)(−2)
3. 𝑓
3 𝑙
9.
4. 𝑙 + 𝑔 𝑘
5. ℎ − 𝑔 𝑚 1
10. ( )( )
ℎ 3

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