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    Rizal

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    John Christopher Badiola
    The Spanish organized the Philippines using their model of colonial administration, establishing national, provincial, and municipal governments. [1] At the national level, the King of Spain governed through the Governor-General of the Philippines, who had executive power over local governments. [2] Provinces were headed by alcalde mayors, who exercised judicial, administrative, and military powers. [3] Municipalities were headed by gobernadorcillos, while the smallest division, the barrios, were headed by cabeza de barangays.

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    Rizal

    Uploaded by

    John Christopher Badiola
    24 views14 pages
    The Spanish organized the Philippines using their model of colonial administration, establishing national, provincial, and municipal governments. [1] At the national level, the King of Spain governed through the Governor-General of the Philippines, who had executive power over local governments. [2] Provinces were headed by alcalde mayors, who exercised judicial, administrative, and military powers. [3] Municipalities were headed by gobernadorcillos, while the smallest division, the barrios, were headed by cabeza de barangays.

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    The Spanish organized the Philippines using their model of colonial administration, establishing national, provincial, and municipal governments. [1] At the national level, the King of Spain governed through the Governor-General of the Philippines, who had executive power over local governments. [2] Provinces were headed by alcalde mayors, who exercised judicial, administrative, and military powers. [3] Municipalities were headed by gobernadorcillos, while the smallest division, the barrios, were headed by cabeza de barangays.

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    24 views14 pages

    Rizal

    Uploaded by

    John Christopher Badiola
    The Spanish organized the Philippines using their model of colonial administration, establishing national, provincial, and municipal governments. [1] At the national level, the King of Spain governed through the Governor-General of the Philippines, who had executive power over local governments. [2] Provinces were headed by alcalde mayors, who exercised judicial, administrative, and military powers. [3] Municipalities were headed by gobernadorcillos, while the smallest division, the barrios, were headed by cabeza de barangays.

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    of 14

    The Impact of

    Spanish Colonial
    Rule
    Meko Balbin & John Christopher Badiola
    POLITICAL SYSTEM

    1. National Government

    2. Provincial Government

    3. Municipal Government
    The Spanish quickly organized their new colony
    according to their model. The first task was the
    reduction, or relocation of indigenous Filipinos
    into settlements. The earliest political system
    used during the conquista period was
    the encomienda system, which resembled the
    feudal system in medieval Europe. The
    conquistadores, friars and native nobles were
    granted estates, in exchange for their services to
    the King, and were given the privilege to collect
    tribute from its inhabitants.
    The encomienda system was abused
    by encomenderos and by 1700 was largely
    replaced by administrative provinces, each
    headed by an alcalde mayor (provincial
    governor.
    The most prominent feature of Spanish cities was the plaza, a central
    area for town activities such as the fiesta, and where government
    buildings, the church, a market area and other infrastructures were
    located. Residential areas lay around the plaza. During the conquista,
    the first task of colonization was the reduction, or relocation of the
    indigenous population into settlements surrounding the plaza.
    National Government

    On the national level or


    social class, the King of
    Spain, via his Council of
    the Indies (Consejo de las
    Indias), governed through
    his representative in the
    Philippines, the Governor-
    General of the
    Philippines (Gobernador y
    Capitán General).
    With the seat of power in Intramuros, Manila,
    the Governor-General was given several duties:

    Head of the supreme court, the Royal Audiencia of Manila

    Commander-in-chief of the army and navy

    Economic planner of the country


    All executive power of the local government
    stemmed from him and as regal patron, he
    had the authority to supervise mission work
    and oversee ecclesiastical appointments. His
    yearly salary was 40,000 pesos. The
    Governor-General was commonly
    a peninsular Spaniard, a Spaniard born in
    Spain, to ensure loyalty of the colony to the
    crown or tiara.
    Provincial Government

    On the local level, heading the pacified provinces


    (alcaldia), was the provincial governor (alcalde mayor).
    The unpacified military zones (corregimiento), such
    as Mariveles and Mindoro, were headed by
    the corregidores. City governments (ayuntamientos),
    were also headed by an alcalde mayor. Alcalde
    mayors and corregidores exercised multiple
    prerogatives as judge, inspector of encomiendas, chief
    of police, tribute collector, capitan-general of the
    province, and even vice-regal patron.
    His annual salary ranged from P300 to P2000
    before 1847 and P1500 to P1600 after 1847.
    This could be augmented through the special
    privilege of "indulto de commercio" where all
    people were forced to do business with him.
    The alcalde mayor was usually
    an Insulares (Spaniard born in the Philippines).
    In the 19th century, the Peninsulares began to
    displace the Insulares which resulted in the
    political unrests of 1872, notably the 1872
    Cavite mutiny and the Gomburza executions.
    Municipal Government

    The pueblo or town is headed by the Gobernadorcillo or little


    governor. Among his administrative duties were the preparation
    of the tribute list (padron), recruitment and distribution of men for
    draft labor, communal public work and military conscription
    (quinto), postal clerk and judge in minor civil suits.

    He intervened in all administrative cases pertaining to his town:


    lands, justice, finance and the municipal police. His annual salary,
    however, was only P24 but he was exempted from taxation. Any
    native or Chinese mestizo, 25 years old, proficient in oral or
    written Spanish and has been a cabeza de barangay of 4 years
    can be a gobernadorcillo.
    Any member of the Principalía, who speaks or who has
    knowledge of the Spanish language and has been a Cabeza
    de Barangay of 4 years can be a Gobernadorcillo. Among
    those prominent is Emilio Aguinaldo, a chinese mestizo, and
    who was the Gobernadorcillo of Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit).
    The officials of the pueblo were proficient, taken from
    the Principalía, the noble class of pre-colonial origin. Their
    names are survived by prominent families in contemporary
    Philippine society such as Duremdes, Lindo, Tupas,
    Gatmaitan, Liwanag, Mallillin, Pangilinan, Panganiban,
    Balderas, and Agbayani, Apalisok, Aguinaldo to name a few.
    Barrio Government

    Every barangay was further divided into "barrios", and


    the barrio government (village or district) rested on
    the barrio administrator (cabeza de barangay). He was
    responsible for peace and order, recruited men for communal
    public works, and collecting the barrio's taxes. Cabezas should be
    literate in Spanish and have good moral character and property.
    Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted from forced
    labor.
    Thank
    You!

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