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ABM

1. Socialization and enculturation are lifelong processes by which people learn the culture and values needed to function within their society. 2. There are three main goals of socialization: developing impulse control, learning social roles, and cultivating shared meanings and values. 3. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interactions, not innate qualities, as seen through his concepts of the "I" and "Me".

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Felipe Mensorado Grande
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329 views14 pages

ABM

1. Socialization and enculturation are lifelong processes by which people learn the culture and values needed to function within their society. 2. There are three main goals of socialization: developing impulse control, learning social roles, and cultivating shared meanings and values. 3. George Mead argued that the self develops through social interactions, not innate qualities, as seen through his concepts of the "I" and "Me".

Uploaded by

Felipe Mensorado Grande
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Chapter 4, Lesson 1:

ENCULTURATION AND SOCIALIZATION


SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION
Socialization refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop
their human potential and learn culture

Enculturation is the process which people learn the requirements of their


surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or
necessary in that culture.
THREE GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION
In his 1995 paper entitled “Broad and Narrow Socialization: The family in the
context of a cultural theory”, sociologist Jeffrey J. Arnett outlined his
interpretation lf the three primary goals of socialization.

1. First, socialization teaches impulse control and helps individuals develop a


conscience.
2. Second, socialization teaches individual how to prepare for and perform
certain social roles – occupational roles, gender roles, and the roles of
institutions such an marriage and parenthood.
3. Third, socialization cultivates shared sources of meaning and value.
MEAD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL
MIND (SELF)
The ‘self’ is a sociological concept. According to George Herbert Mead, it
develops through social interactions – a set of situations where individuals
learn to assume roles and meet increasing level of complexity of each
situation.

The cases of ‘ feral children’ – raised by animals and lived in


extreme social isolation gave credence to Mead’s assertion of the self as
emerging from the matrix of interactions and not from biological evolution. His
“I/Me” duality reinforces the purely sociological facets of the self. The “I/Me”
is best captured by the cliche “put yourself in another person’s shoes”.
Mead proposed a four-staged process of the development of the self. His
proposal inside unique in that he believed that the self is not something in-born.
Rather, the self starts to evolve at the moment of interaction. Mead hinted that
human beings begin their understanding of the social world through “play” and
“game”.
IDENTITIES AND IDENTITY FORMATION
Identity formation is the development of an individual’s distinct personality,
which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person
is recognized or known. It clearly influences personal identity by which the individual
thinks of him or herself as a discrete and separate entity.

Self-concept is the sum of being’s knowledge and understanding of his/herself.


Components of self-concept include physical, psychological and social attributes, which
can be influenced by the individual’s attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas.
 Cultural identity is one’s feeling of identity and affiliation with a group or
culture.

 Ethnic identity is the identification with a certain ethnicity usually on the basis
of the presumed common genealogy or ancestry.

 National identity is the ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans
are divided into groups called Nations.

 Religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an


individual involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and the study of
ancestral or cultural traditions.

 Master identity gives order to the operation of the other identities individually
or collectively
NORMS AND VALUES
A norm is a rule that guide the behavior of members of a society or group.
Emile Durkheim considered norms to be social facts, that is, things exist in
society independent of individuals and that dahpe our thoughts and behavior.
Sociologist considered the force that norms exert both good and bad.

Easily confused terms (normal, norms, normative)


• Normal refers to that which conforms to norms.
• Norms are the rules that guides our behavior.
• Normative refers to beliefs that are expressed as directives or value
judgement.
As knowledge on how to operate in the world, norms are important part of
cultural capital that each of us possess and embodies. They are, in fact, cultural
products and are culturally contextual, and they only eixt if we realize them in our
thought and behavior. For the most part norms are things that we take for granted and
spend little time thinking about, but we become highly conscious of them when we
break or do not follow them. The everyday enforcement of norms though is mostly
unseen. We abide by them because we know that they exist and that we will face
sanctions if we break them.

In this mundane, everyday transaction norms govern over behavior. They


operate in our subconscious, and we don’t think consciously about them unless they are
breached. If a person cults the line or drops something that makes a mess and does
nothing in response, other present might call the person’s behavior usually through eye
contact and facial expression or verbally.
Because noms guide our behavior, and when broken, they enlist a reaction that is
meant to reaffirm them and their cultural importance, Durkheim viewed norms as
the essence of social order. They allow us to live our lives with an understanding of
what we can expect from those around us. In many case, they allow us to feel safe
and secure, and to operate at ease. Without norms, our world would be in chaos
and we wouldn’t know how to navigate it.

Some norms are proscriptive (stating what should we not do), some are prescriptive
(stating what we should do). Proscriptive and prescriptive norms are not equal in
importance. William Graham Summer coined the terms (1) mores to refer to norms
that are widely observed and have great moral significance. (2) folk ways to
refers to norms for routine and causal interaction. We have a lot of cultural traits
that are guided more by mores; some revoled around folkways.
Values are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is
desirable, good and beautiful, and that serve as a broad guidelines for social
living.

There are four aspect of the sociological concept of value


1. Values exist at different levels of generality or abstraction.
2. Values tend to be hierarchically arranged.
3. Values are explicit and implicit in varying degrees.
4. Values often are in conflict with one another.

Four basic Filipino values (Jamie Bulatao) :


1. Emotional closeness and security in a family.
2. Approval from authority and society.
3. Economic and social betterment.
4. Patience, endurance and suffering.
STATUS AND ROLES
Status and roles are important concepts in socialization because the behavior of young members of society are
controlled by assigning them certain status which they will enact.

You

Worker Students Son/Daughter

Coercion for Study for exam Visit mom in the hospital


emergency

Role conflict
Linton (1936) an American sociologist defined status, simply as a position in
social system, such as a child or parent.

• Ascribed status is a social position perceive at or takes on involuntary later


in life.

• Achieve status refers to a social position person takes on voluntarily that


reflect personal identity and efforts.

Roles refers to the behavior expected of someone holds a particular status.


ROLE, IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT AND IDENTITY FORMATION
Erving Hoffman, first articulated his idea of impression management. The idea
behind this is that individuals may sort improvise on the performance of their role so that
they appear “presentable” in the situation.

Role manipulation through impression management has bearing on the formation of a


person’s self-identity. According to Newman (2009), some of the repercussions are
negative and can even be damaging to the person responsible for the implementation of
impression management tactics. “Impression management can lead to the damaged
identities, which must be repaired in order to sustain social interactions”.

Impression management is a concept to be taken very seriously. It has power and


influence to create a favorable public opinion of a particular person.

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