PLUMBING

By: IST
• Cleanout – allows gain access for
cleaning clogged lines
• Drainage System – includes all piping
within public or private premises
• DWV – Drainage Waste and Vent
• Plumbing Fixtures – plumbing items in
household (lavatories, sink, tubs)
• Potable – safe for drinking and cooking
• Grade – slope or fall of pipe
• Fitting – used to connect pipes
• Sewer – underground tunnel that carries
off drainage and waste matter from house
• Soil Pipe – discharge of water closet
(toilets)
• Riser – extends vertically
• Stack – vertical main
• Trap – prevent back passage or back flow
of air
• Vent System – provide circulation of air
• Waste Pipe – conveys liquid waste from
fixture
• Water Supply – carries water under
pressure
• Drain Water System – begins at fixtures
and appliances
• Vents System – provide way for sewer
gas to escape
HOUSEHOLD WATER SUPPLY
• House Service – pipe connection from
public water main to any source of water
supply
• Riser – extends upward from one floor to
next
• Branches – horizontal pipes that serves
faucets or fixtures
PLUMBING MATERIALS
1. Pipes
2. Fittings
3. Valves
 Pipes
1. Rigid Type
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
• Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
2. Flexible Type
• Polyethylene (PE)
• Polybutylene (PB)
 Type of Pipes
• Copper – most common in house plumbing
• Stainless steel tube – used in marine
environment
• Galvanized Iron Pipe (G.I) – carry water into
home from well
• Cast Iron Pipe and Fittings – used as flanged
in water main system and water service pipes
• Concrete Pipes – for sewer purpose
• Plastic – for drains and usually for white and
gray water
 Fittings
• Used to connect and reduce pipelines
• Kinds of pipe fittings;
– Elbow > change direction
– Coupling > connect shafts at their end
– Bushing > inserted to one pipe and allow to
screw another smaller pipe
– Union > connect shafts quickly and
conveniently
– Plug > cap end, insert in end of tube
– Cap > covers the end of pipe
– Reducer > connect larger pipe to smaller pipe
– Nipple > used for extension from fitting
– Tee
– Wye
 Valves
• Control flow of water through pipes
• Types of valves
– Gate > allows maximum flow of water
– Globe > slow down flow of water
– Check> prevent backflow of water
– Angle > control water supply in lavatory, sink,
tub
– Float > control water supply inside tank
 Trap
• Prevent backflow of gasses
• Plumbing Code on Traps
“ Every trap shall be self-
cleaning trap for bath tubs,
lavatories, sink and other similar
fixtures”
• Plumbing Tools
1. Wrenches – tighten or loosening
2. Pipe cutter (plastic) and Hacksaw (metal)
3. Threader – teeth on pipes
4. Pipe vise – for cutting, threading and
reaming pipe
5. Pliers
6. Blow torch and Propane torch
 Water Supply System

• Consist of;
–water service pipe
–water distributing pipes and
–necessary connecting pipes
 Types of Sewage Disposal System
• Cesspool
– Hole in ground w/ stones and bricks.
– Allow contaminated sewage to leach into under
surface of ground
• Privy
– Concrete vault with wooden shelter for collecting raw
sewage
• Septic Tank
– Vault used to collect organic waste from house drain
• Public Sewer Line
– Conveys raw sewage from buildings and houses to
disposal system
• SEPTIC TANK
Sludge – semi liquid at the bottom
Scum – floating substances

Two Processes in Septic Tank

1. Sedimentation – decomposition in upper
portion of tank (with scum)
2. Anaerobic decomposition – accumulated
sludge at the bottom of tank
• Good waste pipe installation;
–Right location of the cleanout
–Proper fitting and joining of
pipes
–Correct slope of the pipelines
TYPES OF WASTE
• Solid waste – discharge from water closet
(toilet)
• Liquid waste – from sink, lavatories etc.

TYPES OF DRAINAGE PIPING

• Soil Pipe – waste from water closet
• Waste Pipe – waste from various fixtures
other than water closet
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6541 NATIONAL
BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Chapter 5.02 – SANITATION SECTION 5.02.01:

General Provision All buildings hereafter erected
for human habitation should be provided with
plumbing facilities installed in conformity with the
National Plumbing Code adopted and promulgated
by the National Master Plumbers Association of
the Philippines pursuant to Republic Act 1378,
otherwise known as the "Plumbing Law“.
1. Establish standards that will protect the health of the
community. Faulty plumbing is a serious health hazard.
2. Codes have always varied widely from place to place.
3. With the increasing standardization of equipment and
materials, plumbing codes in different areas of the country
are tending more and more toward uniformly,
4. There is by no means a single plumbing code.
Organizations are at work encouraging the adoption of a
uniform, nationwide plumbing code.
5. Most obvious variations in code have to do with climate-
pipes in underground (to prevent freezing).
6. Plastic piping, still a relative new comer in the industry, is
not accepted uniformly throughout the country.
7. Regulations concerning it may vary; some places don’t
allow its use at all.
8. Improvements in the materials and an increasing amount
of experience with plastic piping seem to indicate that more
uniform regulations can be expected.
9. Since changes will always occur- in materials, in
methods of joining pipes – an absolutely current plumbing
code will never be possible.
10. Every home plumber should have a copy of the local
code. (Get this from the building inspector’s office; cost is
usually low.)
11. When you do any plumbing, check the code first. If the
material you’re planning to use isn’t mentioned in the code,
check with the building inspector.
12. Some plumbing codes prevent anyone but a licensed
plumber from doing certain kinds of work.
13. Most codes, allow homeowners to do all plumbing work
in homes they own and live in.
14. Check your code before you begin any work.
• Common Plumbing Symbols
• Plumbing (RA 1378)
Plumbing is the art and science of
installing pipes, fixtures and other
apparatus to convey and supply water
in buildings and to dispose and
discharge waste water in a safe,
orderly, healthy and sanitary way.
Plumbing designs and installations are
governed by a set of rules prescribed by
the National Plumbing Code.
Republic Act 1378, otherwise known as
the "Plumbing Law".
• Plumbing (Purpose of the
Code)
Establish standards that will protect the
health of the community. Faulty
plumbing is a serious health hazard.
With the increasing standardization of
equipment and materials, plumbing
codes in different areas of the country
are tending more and more toward
uniformity
• Cleanout be installed in the pipe system
to facilitate troubleshooting in case of
stoppage of flow
• Any structure with a house drain installed,
must have at least one soil stack or
stack vent extended full size above the
roof.
• Not less than 3” or 75mm diameter, no
less than 2 m above the roof if the roof is
used other than protection from the
elements of weather
• The ideal position of horizontal pipe, were
those installed at 2% slope. 2 cm per 1
meter length, a 3 meters pipe will have
inclination of 3x2=6 cm.
• The house drain shall be provided with
adequate number of cleanouts to facilitate
troubleshooting or cleaning in case of
stoppage or flow. Every 20 m space
BLESSING NOTES
• Person who installs pipes – Plumber
• Showers, lavatories, bath tubs and sink –
Plumbing Fixtures
• Required by the National Plumbing Code
EXCEPT, There should be no
ventilation pipe to avoid exposure of
bad odor
• Faulty plumbing may cause, Serious
health hazard
• Pipe that conveys waste other than from
the water closet, Waste pipe
• Prevent siphonage or backflow of the
water – Vent pipe
• Ideal size of the pipe – Not less than 3”
or 75 mm diameter
• Commonly used plastic pipe, Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC)
• Septic tank collect organic waste
discharge
• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 6
members – 1.3 cu.m.
• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 9
members – 1.95 cu.m.
• Decomposition in the upper portion of the
septic tank, Sedimentation
• Minimum distance of the tank to the
nearest source of water, 100 meters
• Threader making teeth on pipes
• Teflon tape used to seal
• G.I. pipe – hacksaw
• Pipe Wrench tighten or loosen
• Trap prevent the back passage of air
• Connect smaller pipe from a larger pipe,
Reducer
• Connect fixed pipe and fixtures, Union
fitting
• Plumbum – latin word for Lead
• Adjustable wrench – tighten or loosen
bolts and nuts
• Pipe wrench – tighten or loosen pipe
• Pump – move fluid
• Pipe made of concrete and usually use for
sewer – Soil pipes
• System of pipes and drains installed for
the purpose of distribution – Plumbing
System
• Avoid the sewer gases to build up
pressure – Venting System
• Drainpipes connections are lead away
from all fixtures at a certain calculated
slope of, ¼ per ft.
• Use for making flanged, cast iron
• Venting system facilitate the flow of sewer
gases and, solid and water disposal
• Copper – reliability and durability
• Used in conjunctions, Sealants
• plumbing local code – Building
inspector’s
• Galvanized – 1960
• Type of joints is generally used on large-
diameter pipes – Flanged
• Compressions fittings – Jointing
polyethylene
• Most corrosion- resistant, Stainless steel
tube
• Shape and position of a trap retains water
that serves as an, Effective seal
• Increasing standardization of Plumbing
codes, equipment and materials
• improvements of the plastic materials in
plumbing, uniform regulations can be
expected
• Sludge accumulated at the bottom
• Sewer underground tunnel
• Prevent backflow of water – Check valve
• Ball valve – can be closed or opened
• schedule 40 pipe, Thicker than schedule
20
• NOT required by the National Plumbing
Code, No vent pipe is needed.
• Cleanout, purposes of troubleshooting in
case of stoppage of flow
• Plastic pipes are commonly used – PVC
• Connected for each faucet, toilet, and
fixtures, Fixture shutoffs
• Plumber's snake, Metal with semi-rigid
auger
• Toilet has trouble – plunger
• gripping large pipes and irregular objects,
chain wrench
• Holding tool when cutting pipes, Yoke
vise
• Hold pipe by hand, Vise grip
• Good plumbing practices, EXCEPT –
excessive water consumption
• Back flow, being forced back
• examples of plumbing fixtures, EXCEPT,
drainage
• NOT true about plumbing standards,
Plumbing shall be designed and
adjusted to use the maximum quantity
of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
• Toxic substance, Hazardous to human
health
• best describes a toilet bowl, The Box
Type compartment holding water for
flushing the toilet
• Plumbing ventilation means, carry sewer
gas out and relieve pressure of the
drainage system
• Down spout, Rainwater from the roof
down to the ground
• Inside building the diameter of pipes – 0.5
inch
• Portable water travel – Galvanized pipes
• System has leak – Gate valve
• Shut off the flow of water just 90 degrees
turn, Globe valve
• Fitted with a male adopter, Cap
• Fitted with a female adopter, Plug
• PVC pipes can be installed in a 7.50 meter
– 2.5 pcs
• Coupling, connect two length of pipes
• Leaking in the water supply of lavatory,
sink, and water close – Angle valve
• Source of potable water, minimum safe
distance from the septic tank – 15 meters
• Supply water for public use, minimum
meter radius from a well to the residences
– 100 meters
• Standard length of a PVC pipe 10 ft.
• Standard length of a G.I. pipe – 6 ft.
• Standard length of a PVC pipe – 3.0 m
• Plumbing fixtures must have P-trap,
EXCEPT, water closet
• Size of house drain – surge flow rate from
shower
• House sewer, conveys discharge to
public sewer
• Water Reservoir – supply (dam)
• Water distribution – distributor (Maynilad,
Manila water, Water district)
• Main water pipe – system of pipes
• Water service pipe – water from service
to plumbing fixtures
• Below atmospheric pressure – Gate valve
• Water heaters – Anti vacuum
• Radiator valve, self regluating – Calorifer
• Protect tank from pressure - Vacuum
• Needle – nose pliers – cutting, holding
• Combination pliers – grip, cut, twist
• Side – cutting pliers – cutting edges
• Tongue – and – groove plier – loosen
and tighten faucets
• Sin clogs up – P-Trap
• Water closet – J bend
• First step in laundry tub, Level the stand
• Bend copper without kinking, expose to
heat
• First step in lavatory, water closet
• National Plumbing Code, EXCEPT – to
enhance siphoning of water