NUMBER SYSTEM

GROUP 4

JOANNA S. TURQUEZA

MARCK CARYL I. LOPEZ

MARY ROSE P. TAMPUS

SUNSHINE F. FRIGILLANA

VERONICA M. HOLASCA
WHAT IS NUMBER SYSTEM

A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers;

that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a
given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
The same sequence of symbols may represent different numbers
in different numeral systems.
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

A repeated division and remainder algorithm can convert decimal to

binary, octal, or hexadecimal.

Divide the decimal number by the desired target radix (2, 8, or 16).

Append the remainder as the next most significant digit.

Repeat until the decimal number has reached zero.

DECIMAL TO BINARY
Here is an example of using repeated division to convert 1792 decimal to binary:

Decimal Number Operation Quotient Remainder Binary Result

1792 ÷2= 896 0 0
896 ÷2= 448 0 00
448 ÷2= 224 0 000
224 ÷2= 112 0 0000
112 ÷2= 56 0 00000
56 ÷2= 28 0 000000
28 ÷2= 14 0 0000000
14 ÷2= 7 0 00000000
7 ÷2= 3 1 100000000
3 ÷2= 1 1 1100000000
1 ÷2= 0 1 11100000000
0 done.
DECIMAL TO OCTAL
Here is an example of using repeated division to convert 1792 decimal to octal:

Decimal Number Operation Quotient Remainder Octal Result

1792 ÷8= 224 0 0

224 ÷8= 28 0 00

28 ÷8= 3 4 400

3 ÷8= 0 3 3400

0 done.
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL
Here is an example of using repeated division to convert 1792 decimal to hexadecimal:

Hexadecimal
Decimal Number Operation Quotient Remainder
Result

1792 ÷ 16 = 112 0 0

112 ÷ 16 = 7 0 00

7 ÷ 16 = 0 7 700

0 done.
The only addition to the algorithm when converting from decimal to
hexadecimal is that a table must be used to obtain the hexadecimal
digit if the remainder is greater than decimal 9.

Decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Decimal: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F
THE ADDITION OF LETTERS CAN MAKE FOR FUNNY HEXADECIMAL
VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, 48879 DECIMAL CONVERTED TO HEX IS:

Hexadecimal
Decimal Number Operation Quotient Remainder
Result

48879 ÷ 16 = 3054 15 F

3054 ÷ 16 = 190 14 EF

190 ÷ 16 = 11 14 EEF

11 ÷ 16 = 0 11 BEEF

0 done.

Other fun hexadecimal numbers include: AD, BE, FAD, FADE, ADD, BED, BEE, BEAD,
DEAF, FEE, ODD, BOD, DEAD, DEED, BABE, CAFE, C0FFEE, FED, FEED, FACE,
BAD, F00D, and my initials DAC.
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

An easy way to convert from binary to octal is to group binary digits into
sets of three, starting with the least significant (rightmost) digits.

Binary:
11 100 101
11100101 =

011 100 101

Pad the most significant digits with zeros if necessary to complete a
group of three.
THEN, LOOK UP EACH GROUP IN A TABLE:

Binary: 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Octal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary = 011 100 101

Octal = 3 4 5 = 345 oct

BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
 An equally easy way to convert from binary to hexadecimal is to group
binary digits into sets of four, starting with the least significant (rightmost)
digits.
 Binary: 11100101 = 1110 0101
Then, look up each group in a table:

Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F

Binary = 1110 0101

Hexadecimal = E 5 = E5 hex
BINARY TO DECIMAL
They say there are only 10 people in this world: those that understand
binary and those that don’t. Ha ha.
If you don’t get that joke, you'll need a method to convert from binary
to decimal. One method involves addition and multiplication.
Start the decimal result at 0.
Remove the most significant binary digit (leftmost) and add it to the
result.
If all binary digits have been removed, you’re done. Stop.
Otherwise, multiply the result by 2.
Go to step 2.
Here is an example of converting 11100000000 binary to decimal:

Binary Digits Operation Decimal Result Operation Decimal Result

11100000000 +1 1 ×2 2
1100000000 +1 3 ×2 6
100000000 +1 7 ×2 14
00000000 +0 14 ×2 28
0000000 +0 28 ×2 56
000000 +0 56 ×2 112
00000 +0 112 ×2 224
0000 +0 224 ×2 448
000 +0 448 ×2 896
00 +0 896 ×2 1792
0 +0 1792 done.
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Octal to Binary
 Converting from octal to binary is as easy as converting from binary to octal. Simply
look up each octal digit to obtain the equivalent group of three binary digits.

Octal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary: 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Octal = 3 4 5
= 011100101
Binary = 011 100 101
binary
OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL

 When converting from octal to hexadecimal, it is often easier

to first convert the octal number into binary and then from
binary into hexadecimal. For example, to convert 345 octal
into hex:

 (from the previous example)

 Drop any leading zeros or pad with leading zeros to get groups
of four binary digits (bits):
Binary 011100101 = 1110 0101
Therefore, through a two-step conversion process, octal
345 equals binary 011100101 equals hexadecimal E5.
Then, look up the groups in a table to convert to hexadecimal digits.

Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F

Binary =C 1110 0101

Hexadecimal = E 5 = E5 hex

Therefore, through a two-step conversion process, octal 345 equals binary

011100101 equals hexadecimal E5.
 OCTAL TO DECIMAL
• onverting octal to decimal can be done with repeated division.

• Start the decimal result at 0.

• Remove the most significant octal digit (leftmost) and add it to the result.

• If all octal digits have been removed, you’re done. Stop.

• Otherwise, multiply the result by 8.

• Go to step 2.

Octal Digits Operation Decimal Result Operation Decimal Result

345 +3 3 ×8 24
45 +4 28 ×8 224
5 +5 229 done.

The conversion can also be performed in the conventional

mathematical way, by showing each digit place as an
increasing power of 8.
345 octal = (3 * 82) + (4 * 81) + (5 * 80) = (3 * 64) + (4 * 8)
+ (5 * 1) = 229 decimal
Converting from hexadecimal is next...
 HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
• Hexadecimal to Binary
• Converting from hexadecimal to binary is as easy as converting from binary to hexadecimal. Simply look up each hexadecimal
digit to obtain the equivalent group of four binary digits.

Hexadeci
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
mal:

01
Binary: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0110 0111
01

Hexad
8 9 A B C D E F
ecimal:
Binary: 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
Hexadecimal = A 2 D E
=
Binary = 1010 0010 1101 1110 101000101101
1110 binary
 HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL
• When converting from hexadecimal to octal, it is often easier to first convert the hexadecimal number into
binary and then from binary into octal. For example, to convert A2DE hex into octal:
• (from the previous example)

Hexadecimal = A 2 D E
=
Binary = 1010 0010 1101 1110 10100010110111
10 binary

Add leading zeros or remove leading zeros to group into

Bina
sets of three binary digits. 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
ry:
Binary: 1010001011011110 = 001 010 001 011 011 110
Then, look up each group in a table: Octa
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary = 001 010 001 011 l: 011 110
= 121336
Octal = 1 2 1 3 3 6
octal
Therefore, through a two-step conversion process,
hexadecimal A2DE equals binary 1010001011011110
equals octal 121336.
 HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
• Converting hexadecimal to decimal can be performed in the conventional mathematical way, by
showing each digit place as an increasing power of 16. Of course, hexadecimal letter values need to be
converted to decimal values before performing the math.

Hexadecimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Decimal: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Hexadecimal: 8 9 A B C D E F

Decimal: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

A2DE hexadecimal:
= ((A) * 163) + (2 * 162) + ((D) * 161) + ((E) * 160)
= (10 * 163) + (2 * 162) + (13 * 161) + (14 * 160)
= (10 * 4096) + (2 * 256) + (13 * 16) + (14 * 1)
= 40960 + 512 + 208 + 14
= 41694 decimal
 ALGORITHM

• What Is an Algorithm?
• An algorithm is a finite list of instructions, most often used in solving problems
or performing tasks. You may have heard the term used in some fancy context
about a genius using an algorithm to do something highly complex, usually in
programming. Indeed, you've most likely heard the term used to explain most
things related to computer processes. However, what would you say if I was to
tell you that there is a very good chance that you, yourself, have followed an
algorithm? You may have followed some algorithms hundreds or thousands of
times!
 FLOWCHART

• What is a Flowchart?
• Flowcharts are graphical representation of steps. It was
originated from computer science as a tool for representing
algorithms and programming logic, but had extended to use
in all other kinds of processes. Nowadays, flowcharts play an
extremely important role in displaying information and
assisting reasoning. They help us visualize complex processes,
or make explicit the structure of problems and tasks. A
flowchart can also be used to define a process or project to
be implemented.