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Hardware Description Languages

This document discusses hardware description languages (HDLs) which are used to describe hardware systems. HDLs allow describing both the behavior of individual components and how they are interconnected. The two main applications of HDLs are simulation, to predict how a design will respond to stimuli, and synthesis, to implement the hardware design using physical components. The document also discusses modeling analog and mixed-signal systems using HDLs like Verilog-AMS, which supports both digital and analog circuits. It provides examples of Verilog-A code for basic components like resistors, capacitors, and logic gates.

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267 views

Hardware Description Languages

This document discusses hardware description languages (HDLs) which are used to describe hardware systems. HDLs allow describing both the behavior of individual components and how they are interconnected. The two main applications of HDLs are simulation, to predict how a design will respond to stimuli, and synthesis, to implement the hardware design using physical components. The document also discusses modeling analog and mixed-signal systems using HDLs like Verilog-AMS, which supports both digital and analog circuits. It provides examples of Verilog-A code for basic components like resistors, capacitors, and logic gates.

Uploaded by

sri261eee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardware Description Languages

• Hardware Description Languages


– Hardware description languages (HDLs) exist to
describe hardware
– Two application  simulation and synthesis.
• Traditional programming language
– Describe algorithms
• Difference traditional programming is sequential
and hardware systems concurrent
• To properly describe hardware, one must be able
to describe both the behavior of the individual
components as well as how they are
interconnected.
Hardware Description Languages
• Simulation
– one applies various stimuli to an executable model
that is described using the HDL in order to predict
how it will respond.
– Goal  expressiveness
• Synthesis
– is the process of actually implementing the hardware
– Synthesis is the act of creating a new refined
description with equivalent behavior at the inputs and
outputs that uses components that do have a physical
implementation.
– Goal  realizability
Mixed-signal hardware
• Modeling of analog and mixed-signal systems
– Process digital signals and analog signals
• Two types
– Verilog-AMS
• Merger of Verilog-HDL and Verilog-A.
• Verilog-AMS is primarily used for verification.
– VHDL-AMS
• Types of signals
– Digital signal
• With digital signals there are generally only a small number of
possible signal values, typically two, designated true and
false, high and low, or zero and one
– Analog Signal (discrete and continuous )
• vary continuously, meaning that the value of the signal at any
point may be any value from within a continuous range of
values
• Mixed-signal simulators
– combine two different methods of simulation:event-driven
simulation as found in logic simulators
– continuous-time simulation as found in circuit simulators
Applications of Verilog-AMS
• There are five main reasons why engineers use
Verilog-AMS
– to model components
• used to efficiently describe a broad range of models
• Compact Models in Verilog-A
– to create test benches
– to accelerate simulation
• Non-critical part by behavioral models
– to verify mixed-signal systems
• allows both digital and analog circuits
– to support the top-down design process
• designing large complex systems
• system at an abstract or ‘block diagram’ level before starting the
detailed design of the individual blocks
Verilog-A code for Resistor
//  comment
Multiple line comment
/*
*RESISTOR
* A linear resistor that
uses the resistance
formulation: v = ri
*/
• Discipline
– supports multiple disciplines
• A discipline is a collection of related physical signal types, which in Verilog-A/MS are
referred to as natures.
• Electrical discipline consists of voltages and currents, where both voltage and current are
natures.
• The collection of common disciplines and natures are defined in a file disciplines.vams
– `include “disciplines.vams”
• Module
– module resistor (p, n);
• Parameter
– parameter real r=0; // default value if model is instantiated and not defined
• Ports
– points where connections can be made to the component
• Electrical
– inout p, n;
– electrical p, n;
– These two lines describe the direction and the type of the ports
– Each port should be given a direction. Input ports can sense the signals that they are connected to,
but cannot affect them; output ports can affect the signals, but cannot sense them; and inout ports
can both sense and affect the signals
• Actual behavior
analog
V(p,n) <+r * l(p,n);
– analog keyword introduces an analog process
– V(p,n) and I(p,n) are the voltage across and the current through the
implicit or unnamed branch between the nodes p and n
– An implicit branch inherits its discipline from its endpoints, both of which
must have equivalent disciplines. In this case, the discipline of the end
points p and n are electrical, and so the discipline of the implicit branch
is electrical.
– The electrical discipline defines V as the access function for the
potential of the branch and I as the access function for the flow through
the branch. As such, the V in V(p,n) accesses the voltage across p and
n, and the I in I(p,n) accesses the current that flows between p and n.
• Endmodule
– terminated with the endmodule
Conductance
Capacitor
Example Inverter
Example AND gate

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