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    Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

    Uploaded by

    Mohsin ALi SoOmro
    The document discusses various single-phase rectifier circuits including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge configurations. Key parameters analyzed include average and RMS voltages/currents, ripple factor, efficiency, transformer utilization factor, peak inverse voltage, and input power factor. The half-wave rectifier has high ripple and low efficiency while the full-wave and bridge rectifiers have lower ripple and higher efficiency due to using both half-cycles of the AC input.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

    Uploaded by

    Mohsin ALi SoOmro
    45 views33 pages
    The document discusses various single-phase rectifier circuits including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge configurations. Key parameters analyzed include average and RMS voltages/currents, ripple factor, efficiency, transformer utilization factor, peak inverse voltage, and input power factor. The half-wave rectifier has high ripple and low efficiency while the full-wave and bridge rectifiers have lower ripple and higher efficiency due to using both half-cycles of the AC input.

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    The document discusses various single-phase rectifier circuits including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge configurations. Key parameters analyzed include average and RMS voltages/currents, ripple factor, efficiency, transformer utilization factor, peak inverse voltage, and input power factor. The half-wave rectifier has high ripple and low efficiency while the full-wave and bridge rectifiers have lower ripple and higher efficiency due to using both half-cycles of the AC input.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    45 views33 pages

    Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

    Uploaded by

    Mohsin ALi SoOmro
    The document discusses various single-phase rectifier circuits including half-wave, full-wave, and bridge configurations. Key parameters analyzed include average and RMS voltages/currents, ripple factor, efficiency, transformer utilization factor, peak inverse voltage, and input power factor. The half-wave rectifier has high ripple and low efficiency while the full-wave and bridge rectifiers have lower ripple and higher efficiency due to using both half-cycles of the AC input.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

    Waveforms
    Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
    Performance Parameters

    • Average value of the output voltage, Vdc


    • Average value of the output current, Idc
    • Output dc power, Pdc
    – Pdc = VdcIdc
    • rms value of the output voltage, Vrms
    • Output ac power, Pac
    – Pac = VrmsIrms
    Performance Parameters (continued)

    • Efficiency, η
    – η = Pdc/Pac
    • Effective (rms) value of the ac component
    of the output voltage, Vac
    – Vac = Vrms2 – Vdc2
    • Form factor, FF
    – FF = Vrms/Vdc
    • Ripple factor, RF
    – RF = Vac/Vdc
    Performance Parameters (continued)

    • Alternate form for ripple factor


    V
    R F  ( )  1  FF  1
    rms 2 2

    V dc

    • Transformer utilization factor, TUF


    – TUF = Pdc/VsIs
    – Vs, Is are rms voltage and current of the
    transformer secondary
    Input Voltage and Current
    Performance Parameters (continued)

    • Displacement angle, Φ
    • Displacement Factor, DF
    – DF = cos(Φ)
    • Harmonic Factor, HF
    1

    I I 2
     I 2
     1
    2

    HF  ( )  ( )  1
    s s1 2 s 2

    I I
    2

    s1  s1
    Performance Parameters (continued)

    • Power Factor, PF

    VI I
    PF  cos   cos 
    s s1 s1

    VI s s
    I s
    Performance Parameters (continued)

    • Crest Factor, CF

    I
    CF  s ( peak )

    I s
    Example 3.1

    • Determine η, FF, RF, TUF, PIV of the


    diode, CF of the input current, input PF.
    Determine the Average Voltage, Vdc

    1 T

    V  v (t )dt
    T
    dc L
    0

    1
    T

    V  sin tdt
    2

    V
    T
    dc m
    0

    V T
    V  (cos m
     1)
    T 2
    dc
    1
    f 
    T
      2 f
    V
    V  m
     0.318V

    dc m

    V 0.318V
    I  
    dc m

    R R
    dc
    Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms
    1

     1 T
     2

    V   v (t )dt
    2

    rms
    T 0
    L
    
    1

     1 
    T
    2

    V    (V sin t ) dt 
    2
    2

    T 
    rms m
    0

    V
    V   0.5Vm

    2
    rms m

    V 0.5V
    I   rms m

    R R
    rms
    Determine Pdc, Pac, and η

    (0.318V ) 2

    P  m

    R
    dc

    (0.5V ) 2

    P  m

    R
    ac

    (0.318V ) 2

      40.5%
    m

    (0.5V ) m
    2
    Determine FF and RF

    V 0.5V
    FF  rms
     m

    V dc
    0.318V m

    FF  1.57  157%
    R F  FF  12

    R F  1.57  1  1.21  121%


    2
    Determine the TUF
    1

     1  V 2

     (V sin t ) dt 
    T

    V   0.707V
    2 m
    s
    T 0  m
    2
    m

    0.5V
    I I  m

    R
    s load

    (0.318V ) m
    2

    P R
    T UF   dc

    VI 0.5V
    (0.707V )(
    s s ) m

    R
    m

    T UF  0.286
    Determine the PIV

    • PIV is the maximum (peak) voltage that


    appears across the diode when reverse
    biased. Here, PIV = Vm.

    - - PIV +

    +
    Determine CF
    I s ( peak )
    CF 
    Is
    Vm
    I s ( peak ) 
    R
    0.5Vm
    Is 
    R
    Vm
    CF  R  2
    0.5Vm
    R
    Determine PF

    Pac
    PF  cos  
    VA
    2
    (0.5Vm )
    PF  R  0.707
    0.5Vm
    (0.707Vm )( )
    R
    Summary – Half-Wave Rectifier

    • RF=121% High
    • Efficiency = 40.5 Low
    • TUF = 0.286 Low
    – 1/TUF = 3.496
    – transformer must be 3.496 times larger than
    when using a pure ac voltage source
    Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load
    Waveforms of Current and Voltage

    Conduction period of D1 extends beyond ωt = π


    Average Output Voltage
     
    Vm
    Vdc 
    2 
    0
    sin td (t )

    Vm
      cos t  0
     
    Vdc 
    2
    Vm
    Vdc   1  cos(   )
    2
    Vdc
    I dc 
    R
    Increase average voltage and current by making σ = 0
    Waveforms with Dm installed
    Application as a Battery Charger

    Diode conducts for vs > E,


    starting when Vmsinα = E
    Waveforms for the Battery Charger

    Diode turns off when


    vs < E (at β = π – α)
    Charging current
    io = (vs – E)/R
    io = (Vmsinωt – E)/R
    for α < ωt < β
    Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

    Center-Tapped Transformer
    Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier

    T
    2
    2
    Vdc   Vm sin t
    T 0
    2Vm
    Vdc 

    Vdc  0.636Vm
    Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

    PIV = 2Vm
    Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
    Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge
    Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms

    Conduction pattern
    D1 – D2 D 3 – D4
    PIV = Vm

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