TYPES OF DISASTER
Disasters are divided into two
types:
1. NATURAL DISASTERS 1I. MAN-MADE DISASTERS
I. NATURAL DISASTERS
- Are consequence when a
natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built
environment.
Natural hazard – is a natural
phenomenon that might have a
negative effect on humans or
the environment.
HUMAN VULNERABILITY AND LACK OF
APPROPRIATE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
LEADS TO:
II. MAN-MADE DISASTERS
It is the consequence of technological or
human hazards.
-are events that are caused by
humans and occur in or close to
human settlements according to
IFRC
NATURAL
OR
MAN-MADE?
MAN-MADE
NATURAL
Armed Conflicts
Industrial and Chemical
Typhoons/Cyclones
Hazards
Floods
Road and Air Accident
Flashfloods
Environmental Pollution
Tsunamis
Sea Mishaps/Maritime
Volcanic Eruptions
Accidents
Droughts
Epidemics (Dengue, Typhoid
Earthquakes
Fever)
Landslide (natural/human-
War
induced)
Explosions
Fires (caused by lightning)
Terrorist Attack
Pest Infestation
Oil Spill
Tornadoes
Garvalanche (Garbage
Avalanche, e.g. Payatas
LANDSLIDES
The sliding down of a
mass of earth or rock
from a mountain or cliff
synonyms: rockslide,
mudslide, avalanche
DROUGHT
A deficiency of rainfall
over an extended period
of time – a season, a
year or several years
FIRE
The event of something
burning such as building,
often destructive
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
The sudden occurrence
of a violent discharge of
steam and volcanic
material
FLOOD
An overflowing of a
large amount of water
beyond its normal
confines, especially
over what is normally
dry.
CYCLONES
Strong winds that
form over the ocean.
A system of winds
rotating inward to
an area of low
atmospheric
pressure with a
clockwise or
counterclockwise
circulation.
FLASHFLOODS
A rapid flooding of
geomorphic low-lying
areas: washes , rivers,
dry lakes and basins.
TSUNAMI
A series of waves in a body
of water caused by the
displacement of a large
volume of water, generally
in an ocean or large lake.
HEAVY RAINS
Rain is liquid water in
the form of droplets
that have condensed
from atmospheric water
vapor and then
precipitated – that is ,
become heavy enough
to fall under gravity.
PEST INFESTATION
Any organism that
damages crops,
injures or irritates
livestock or man, or
reduces the fertility
of land.
TORNADOES
A violently rotating column
of air extending from
cumulonimbus cloud to the
ground, are typically
associated with a funnel
cloud pendant from a
storm’s wall cloud.
EPIDEMICS (DENGUE)
An acute infectious
disease caused by
flavivirus transmitted by
aedes mosquitos , and
characterized by
headache, severe joint
pain and a rash.
WAR
A state of usually
open and declared
armed hostile conflict
between states or
nations.
OIL SPILL
Oil spill is the release of a liquid
petroleum hydrocarbon into the
environment, especially marine
areas, due to human activity and
is a form of pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
The contamination of the
physical and biological
components of the earth or
atmosphere system to such
an extent that normal
environmental processes are
adversely affected.
ROAD & AIR ACCIDENT
An undesirable happening
that occurs unintentionally
and usually results in harm,
injury, damage or casualty.
ARMED CONFLICTS
A contested
incompatibility which
concerns government
and/or territory where the
use of armed force
between two parties, of
which at least one is the
government of a state.
INDUSTRIAL & CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Hazards is a situation
that posses a level of
threat to life, health,
property or
environment.
SEA MISHAPS/MARITIME ACCIDENTS
An event which usually
involves ship or ships and
can involve military
action.
EXPLOSIONS
A release of mechanical,
chemical or nuclear energy in
a sudden and often violent
manner with the generation of
high temperature and usually
with the release of gas.
TERRORIST ATTACK
A surprise attack
involving the deliberate
use of violence against
civilians in the hope of
attaining political or
religious aims.
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
GEOLOGICAL CAUSES
• Weak and sensitive
material
• Weathered material
• Sheared, jointed or
fissured material
• Adversely oriented
fractures
• Contrast permeability
• Contrast stiffness
MORPHOLOGICAL CAUSES
• Tectonic/Volcanic uplift
• Erosion of slope toe
• Vegetation removal
• Subterranean erosion
(piping, solution)
• Disposition of load on
slope or crest
PHYSICAL CAUSES
• Intense rainfall or
prolonged exceptional
rainfall
• Earthquake or volcanic
eruption
HUMAN CAUSES
• Excavation of the slope or its toe
• Deposition of load on the slope or
crest
• Drawdown of reservoirs
• Deforestation
• Irrigation
• Mining
• Artificial vibration
• Water leakage from utilities
