The document provides an overview of the ELEC 375 Biomedical Engineering course offered in Spring 2019. It includes information about prerequisites, textbooks, syllabus topics covering areas like biomedicine, physiology, biomedical processes and systems. It also defines biomedical engineering, discusses fields within it like instrumentation, neural engineering, tissue engineering and roles of biomedical engineers in healthcare, industry and research.
The document provides an overview of the ELEC 375 Biomedical Engineering course offered in Spring 2019. It includes information about prerequisites, textbooks, syllabus topics covering areas like biomedicine, physiology, biomedical processes and systems. It also defines biomedical engineering, discusses fields within it like instrumentation, neural engineering, tissue engineering and roles of biomedical engineers in healthcare, industry and research.
The document provides an overview of the ELEC 375 Biomedical Engineering course offered in Spring 2019. It includes information about prerequisites, textbooks, syllabus topics covering areas like biomedicine, physiology, biomedical processes and systems. It also defines biomedical engineering, discusses fields within it like instrumentation, neural engineering, tissue engineering and roles of biomedical engineers in healthcare, industry and research.
The document provides an overview of the ELEC 375 Biomedical Engineering course offered in Spring 2019. It includes information about prerequisites, textbooks, syllabus topics covering areas like biomedicine, physiology, biomedical processes and systems. It also defines biomedical engineering, discusses fields within it like instrumentation, neural engineering, tissue engineering and roles of biomedical engineers in healthcare, industry and research.
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ELEC 375- Biomedical
Engineering
Spring 2019 Dr. Muhammad Chowdhury Text Books & References Prerequisites: ELEC 351: Signals & Systems, ELEC 371: Sensors & Instrumentation
Text Book: John G. Webster (ed.), Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
References: John Enderle, Joseph Bronzino (eds.), Introduction to Biomedical
Engineering, Third Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, 2012. Syllabus Part 1: Biomedicine and Electrical Engineering; Human physiology and anatomy, Biosystems and modelling of physiology; Engineering and human senses; Brain studies and EEG (electrical activity and disorders); heart and ECG; eye, perception and image processing; hand and automatic control; human body as a communication system (auditory system, speaker and speech analysis);
Part 2: Biomedical processes and systems;
Filtering for removal of artefacts; Biomedical Event detection, characterization and automatic diagnostic; Frequency characterization; Pattern classification and diagnostic decision. What is biomedical engineering
measurements that are used in Monitoring Diagnostic means Therapy What is biomedical engineering
Not limited to this only………
Revolution of Modern Healthcare Fields of biomedical engineering Biomedical instrumentation Applies the fundamentals of measurement science to biomedical instrumentation Emphasizes the common principles with making measurements in living cells Neural Engineering Analyze neurological function as well as to design solutions to problems associated with neurological limitations and dysfunction. Tissue Engineering Use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Biotechnology Use of a living organism, or some component of a living system, to make a useful product. Fields of biomedical engineering
Biomaterials Application of engineering materials in production of medical devices Medical Imaging Applies the fundamentals of measurement science to biomedical instrumentation Emphasizes the common principles with making measurements in living cells Prosthetic Devices and Artificial Organs Artificial components designed to replace a part of the human body that is missing, either due to accident or a birth defect. Biomechanics Behavior of biological tissues and fluids Design principles Fields of biomedical engineering
Medical & Biological Analysis
Involves equipment that perform medical, pharmacological and toxicological tests for human health Biosensors Compact analytical device incorporating a biological or biologically‐derived sensing element either integrated within or intimately associated with a physicochemical transducer. Clinical Engineering Primarily for applying and implementing medical technology to optimize healthcare delivery. Medical & Bioinformatics Involves developing and using computer tools to collect and analyze data related to medicine and biology. Fields of biomedical engineering
Rehabilitation engineering Design of equipment for disabled individuals Biomedical Signal Processing Involves extracting useful information from biological signals for diagnostics and therapeutics purposes Physiological Modeling Involves the use of mathematical modeling techniques for the characterization and comprehension of physiological systems. Bio nanotechnology branch of nanotechnology which uses biological starting materials, utilizes biological design or fabrication principles or is applied in medicine or biotechnology.. Biomedical Instrumentation
Figure: Examples of medical instruments.
Neural Engineering Neural Engineering or Neuroengineering is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that brings to bear neuroscience and engineering methods to analyze neurological function as well as to design solutions to problems associated with neurological limitations and dysfunction.
Figure: Neural signal activity (left); microelectrodes (top‐right) implanted in
the brain of a tetraplegic patient (bottom‐right). Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a tissue scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose. This technique allows organs to be grown from implantation (rather than transplantation) and hence free from immunological rejection. Biotechnology
The science of manipulation of biological systems for developing products for human welfare. Biotechnology develops a collection of processes or techniques using biological systems to innovate new products and services in medical science.
Figure: DNA microarrays (left); plant that has been genetically engineered (right) to create a plant with new characteristics (e.g. disease resistant). Biomaterials
These are substances that are engineered for use in devices or implants that must interact with living tissue.
Examples of advances in this field include the development of coatings that fight infection common in artificial joint implants.
Medical Imaging Refers to several different technologies that are used to view the human body in order to diagnose and monitor medical conditions.
Figure: MRI images (left); X‐ray instrument (top‐right) and images (bottom‐right). Prosthetic Devices and Artificial Organs Prosthetic devices are artificial components designed to replace a part of the human body that is missing, either due to accident or a birth defect.
Figure : Artificial heart (left); prosthetic leg (top‐right); advanced prosthetic
arm (bottom‐right). Biomechanics In other words, mechanics applied to biology. This includes the study of motion, material deformation, and fluid flow.
For example, studies of the fluid dynamics involved in blood circulation have contributed to the development of artificial hearts, while an understanding of joint mechanics has contributed to the design of prosthetic limbs.
Figure: Gait analysis: the study of human motion.
Medical and Biological Analysis Involves equipment that perform medical, pharmacological and toxicological tests for human health.
A biosensor is defined as a compact analytical device incorporating a biological or
biologically‐derived sensing element either integrated within or intimately associated with a physicochemical transducer. The usual aim of a biosensor is to produce signals which are proportional to an analyte.
Figure: Biosensor patch
Clinical Engineering Biomedical engineers working within a hospital or clinic are called clinical engineers. Clinical engineers apply and implement medical technology to optimize healthcare delivery.
Roles of clinical engineers include training and
supervising biomedical equipment technicians, working with governmental regulators on hospital inspections/audits, and serving as technological consultants for other hospital staff (i.e. physicians, administrators, I.T., etc.).
Clinical engineers also advise medical device
producers regarding prospective design improvements based on clinical experiences, as well as monitor the progression of the state‐of‐the‐art in order to redirect hospital procurement patterns accordingly. Medical & Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops and improves on methods for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing biological data. Involves developing and using computer tools to collect and analyze data related to medicine and biology.
Work in bioinformatics could involve using sophisticated techniques to manage and
search databases of gene sequences that contain many millions of entries. Rehabilitation Engineering Rehabilitation engineering is the application of science and technology to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. Physiological Modeling Involves the use of mathematical modeling techniques for the characterization and comprehension of physiological systems.
Modeling by designing software that can import complex biological geometries and model complex physics interactions aids healthcare professionals to customize implants and other medical devices.
Figure: Modeling hip-joint
Bionanotechnology
Refers to the intersection of nanotechnology with biology.
For example as a medical application, carbon nanotubes are inserted around cancerous cells, then excited with radio waves, which causes them to heat up and kill the surrounding cells.
Figure: liquid biopsy chip that detects metastatic
Figure: Carbon nanotube cancer cells in blood Role played by Biomedical Engineers
In its broadest sense, biomedical engineering involves training essentially three types of individuals: 1) the clinical engineer in health care 2) the biomedical design engineer for industry 3) the research scientist.
The ultimate role of the biomedical engineer, like that of the nurse and physician, is to serve society.
This is a profession, not just a skilled technical service.
To use this new breed of engineers effectively, health care practitioners and administrators should be aware of the needs for these new professionals and the roles for which they are being trained. Conclusion
Biomedical engineering is thus an interdisciplinary branch of engineering heavily based
both on engineering and on life sciences.
It can encompass research, development, implementation, and operation.
Biomedical engineers can provide the tools and techniques to make our health care system more effective and efficient.
Like medical practice itself, it is unlikely that any single person can acquire expertise that encompasses the entire field. As a result, there has been an explosion of biomedical engineering specialists to cover this broad spectrum of activity.
Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this activity, there is considerable overlapping
of interest and effort between specialists.
The field of biomedical engineering offers hope in the continuing battle to provide high‐quality health care at a reasonable cost.
