Big Data: What Is It?

Big Data
What is it?
There are some things that are so
big that they have implications for
everyone, whether we want it or
not.
Big Data is one of those things,

and is completely transforming the
way we do business and is
impacting most other parts of our
lives.
Extremely large data sets that may be
analysed computationally to reveal
patterns, trends, and associations,
especially relating to human behaviour
and interactions.
The basic idea behind the phrase 'Big

Data' is that everything we do is
increasingly leaving a digital trace (or
data), which we (and others) can use
and analyse.
From the dawn of civilization until 2003,
humankind generated five exabytes of
data. Now we produce five exabytes
every two days…and the pace is
accelerating.
Eric Schmidt,
Executive Chairman, Google
What is BIG DATA
• Walmart handles more than 1 million
customer transactions every hour.
• Facebook handles 40 billion photos from its user
base.
• Decoding the human genome originally took
10years to process; now it can be achieved in one
week.
Activity Data
Simple activities like listening to music or
reading a book are now generating data.
Digital music players and eBooks collect data
on our activities.
Your smart phone collects data on how you
use it and your web browser collects
information on what you are searching for.
Your credit card company collects data on
where you shop and your shop collects data on
what you buy.
 It is hard to imagine any activity that does not
generate data.
Conversation Data
Our conversations are now digitally recorded.
It all started with emails but nowadays most

of our conversations leave a digital trail.
Just think of all the conversations we have on

social media sites like Facebook or Twitter.
Even many of our phone conversations are

now digitally recorded.
Photo and Video Image Data
Just think about all the pictures we take on
our smart phones or digital cameras.
We upload and share 100s of thousands of

them on social media sites every second.
The increasing amounts of CCTV cameras

take video images and we up-load hundreds
of hours of video images to YouTube and
other sites every minute .
Sensor Data
We are increasingly surrounded by sensors
that collect and share data.
Take your smart phone, it contains a global

positioning sensor to track exactly where
you are every second of the day, it includes
an accelometer to track the speed and
direction at which you are travelling.
We now have sensors in many devices and

products.
The Internet of Things Data
We now have smart TVs that are able to collect
and process data, we have smart watches, smart
fridges, and smart alarms.
The Internet of Things, or Internet of Everything

connects these devices so that e.g. the traffic
sensors on the road send data to your alarm clock
which will wake you up earlier than planned
because the blocked road means you have to
leave earlier to make your 9am meeting…
.
With the datafication comes
big data, which is often
described using the four Vs:
• Volume
• Velocity
• Variety
• Veracity
1st Character of Big Data
Volume
•A typical PC might have had 10 gigabytes of storage in 2000.
•Today, Facebook ingests 500 terabytes of new data every day.
•Boeing 737 will generate 240 terabytes of flight data during a

single flight across the US.
•The smart phones, the data they create and consume;

sensors embedded into everyday objects will soon result in
billions of new, constantly-updated data feeds containing
environmental, location, and other information, including
video.
Velocity…
…refers to the speed at which new data is
generated and the speed at which data moves
around.
Just think of social media messages going viral in
seconds.
Technology allows us now to analyse the data
while it is being generated (sometimes referred to
as in- memory analytics), without ever putting it
into databases.
Variety…
…refers to the different types of data we can now
use.
In the past we only focused on structured data that
neatly fitted into tables or relational databases, such
as financial data.
In fact, 80% of the world’s data is unstructured
(text, images, video, voice, etc.)
With big data technology we can now analyse and
bring together data of different types such as
messages, social media conversations, photos,
sensor data, video or voice recordings.
Veracity…
…refers to the messiness or trustworthiness of
the data.
With many forms of big data quality and
accuracy are less controllable (just think of
Twitter posts with hash tags, abbreviations,
typos and colloquial speech as well as the
reliability and accuracy of content) but
technology now allows us to work with this
type of data.
Why Big Data
•FB generates 10TB daily
•Twitter generates 7TB of data

Daily
•IBM claims 90% of today’s

stored data was generated
in just the last two years.
How Is Big Data Different?
1) Automatically generated by a machine
(e.g. Sensor embedded in an engine)
2) Typically an entirely new source of data

(e.g. Use of the internet)
3) Not designed to be friendly

(e.g. Text streams)
4) May not have much values

• Need to focus on the important part 16
Data generation points Examples
Mobile Devices
Microphones
Readers/Scanners
Science facilities
Programs/ Software
Social Media
Cameras
Turning Big Data into Value:
The datafication of our world gives us
unprecedented amounts of data in terms
of Volume, Velocity, Variety and Veracity.
The latest technology such as cloud

computing and distributed systems
together with the latest software and
analysis approaches allow us to
leverage all types of data to gain insights
and add value.
Turning Big Data into Value:
The ‘Datafication’ Volume Analysing

of our World; Big Data:
• Activities • Text
• Conversations Velocity analytics
• Words • Sentiment
• Voice analysis
• Social Media • Face Value
• Browser logs recognition
Variety •
• Photos Voice
• Videos analytics
• Sensors • Movement
• Etc. analytics
Veracity • Etc.
Role of Big Data Analytic in
Business
“Helping Business Do Business Better”
21
Predicting Real Estate
o Google Trends
o Predictive Modelling
22
Fraud Detection in Banking
Predictive Analytics Model
o Data utilized: Historical fraud cases
and Customer demographics
o Prediction: Fraud score for all
applications
o Results
o 92% of frauds were detected real-
time
o Fraudulent reporting increased by
200%, reducing fraud loss of
$25,000+ per day
o Improved customer trust credibility
and value
23
Big Data Analytics
Analytics is the use of:
data,
information technology,
statistical analysis,
quantitative methods, and
mathematical or computer-based models
to help managers gain improved insight about
their business operations and make better,
fact-based decisions.
24
Importance of BDA
o Every business works on enhancing the
following and BA helps in achieving the same
with:
◦ profitability of businesses (reduce risk, stop fraud)
◦ revenue of businesses (Improved customer
service, satisfaction and retention)
◦ improved efficiency (proactive approach, informed
decision making)
25
IIBA and KPMG report on Business Analysis : Positioning on Success. Oct

2016
Business Analytics Applications
o Customer relationships management
o Pricing decisions
o Financial management
o Risk Analysis and Fraud Management
o Supply chain management
o Clinical Analysis
o Human resource planning
o Sport team game strategies
o New products/services
26
Scope of Business Analytics
o Descriptive analytics
• uses data to understand past and present
o Predictive analytics
• predictive modelling using statistical
and machine learning techniques
o Prescriptive analytics
• recommend decisions using optimization, simulation
etc.
Exampl
27
Hot Trends in BA
28
Conclusion
“The goal is to turn data into information, and
information into insight “.
Carly Fiorina, Former CEO of HP
In short BA helps in “smart, quick and

improved decision-making” which helps to
optimise a distinct business capability and thus
compete better.
29
But the applications of Big
Data are endless!
Currently we are only seeing the
beginnings of a transformation into a big
data economy.
Any business that doesn’t seriously

consider the implications of Big Data runs
the risk of being left behind.

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Big Data

Big Data is one of those things,

The basic idea behind the phrase 'Big

It all started with emails but nowadays most

Just think of all the conversations we have on

Even many of our phone conversations are

We upload and share 100s of thousands of

The increasing amounts of CCTV cameras

Take your smart phone, it contains a global

We now have sensors in many devices and

The Internet of Things, or Internet of Everything

•Today, Facebook ingests 500 terabytes of new data every day.

•Boeing 737 will generate 240 terabytes of flight data during a

•The smart phones, the data they create and consume;

•FB generates 10TB daily

•Twitter generates 7TB of data

•IBM claims 90% of today’s

2) Typically an entirely new source of data

3) Not designed to be friendly

4) May not have much values

The latest technology such as cloud

The ‘Datafication’ Volume Analysing

“Helping Business Do Business Better”

IIBA and KPMG report on Business Analysis : Positioning on Success. Oct

In short BA helps in “smart, quick and

Any business that doesn’t seriously

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