IN SUNNY

SPAIN
(1882-1885)
University of Sto. Tomas Spain

1) Government of Spain was a

Constitutional Monarchy: human rights

Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Freedom of assembly

2) More important reason than completing his

studies: “secret mission”
RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION
Observe:
 LIFE
 CULTURE To prepare himself
 LANGUAGE & in the mighty task
CUSTOMS of liberating his
 INDUSTRIES & oppressed people
COMMERCE from Spanish
 GOVERNMENT & tyranny.
LAWS
SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN
His departure was
kept secret to avoid Paciano

detection by the Chengoy

Antonio
Rivera
Spanish authorities
and friars.
People
Ateneo who knew Neneng &
Jesuit Lucia
fathers his
departure

*May 3, 1882 – Rizal on board the Mateo

Evangelista
Velenzuela
family
Spanish steamer Salvadora
bound for Singapore.
Pedro A.
Paterno
FROM SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
 In Singapore, he transferred to another ship
Djemnah on May 11.

 On May 17, Djemnah reached Point Galle

A seacoast town in
southern Ceylon (Sri
Lanka)

 The following day, they reached Colombo

 FIRST TRIP THROUGH SUEZ CANAL
Colombo Indian Ocean Cape of Guardafui, Africa

City of Suez, the Red

Sea terminal of the Aden (Yemen)
Suez Canal
took 5 days to Inaguarated on
traverse the Canal Nov. 17, 1869
Built by Ferdinand de Lesseps
(French diplomat Engr.)
NAPLES AND MARSEILLE
 June 11, he reached Naples
 June 12, the steamer ducked at the French harbor of
Marseille
* He visited the famous Chateau d’If
where Dantes, hero of The Count of
Monte Cristo, was imprisoned
 June 15, left Marseille by train for the last lap of his
trip to Spain
 June 16, finally reached his destination - Barcelona
 “AMOR PATRIO”
• In Barcelona, Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled “Amor
Patrio”
Publisher of
• Send this article to Basilio Teodoro Moran Diariong
Tagalog
First Manila bilingual
newspaper (Spanish
& Tagalog)

• Rizal wrote two articles:

2nd: “Los Viajes” (Travels)
3rd: “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid)
MANILA MOVES TO MADRID
Rizal received many letters:
1) Sad news that cholera was ravaging Manila & the provinces,
which killed many people

2) Sad news from Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of

Leonor Rivera, who was getting thinner because of the
absence of a loved one.

3) Paciano advised Rizal to finish med course in Madrid

• Rizal left Barcelona in 1882, established himself in Madrid,
capital of Spain.
LIFE IN MADRID
• Nov. 3, 1882 – enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid
Two courses:
Medicine Philosophy & Letters

• Studied painting & sculpture

• Took lessons in French, German & English

• Practiced fencing & shooting

LIFE IN MADRID
• He budgeted his money and time

 Food  Reading & writing at his

 Clothing boarding house
 Lodging
 Attending reunions of
Filipino students
 Gambling
 Wine  Practicing fencing &
 women shooting
AUGUST 22, 1883
• He composed a lovely poem entitled “A La Senorita C. O. y
P. “( To Miss C. O. y P.).

Circulo Hispano-Filipinos ( Hispano- Philippine Circle)

Jose Rizal joined the society of Spaniards and Filipinos. Upon
the request of this society, he wrote a poem entitled “Me
Piden Versos”( They Ask Me For Verses). Which he personally
declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid
Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882.
RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS

A favorite pastime of Rizal in Madrid was

reading. Instead of gambling and flirting with
women, as many young Filipinos did in the
Spanish metropolis, he stayed at home and
read voraciously until midnight.
RIZAL AS MASON
• Impressed by the way the Spanish Masons openly and
freely criticized the government policies and lambasted
the friars.
• March 1883, he joined Masonic lodge (ACACIA)
• November 15, 1890, he become Master Mason and
transferred to lodge Solidaridad.
• As a Mason, Rizal played a Lukewarm role in free
Masonry.
• Science, Virtue and labor 33 delivered in Lodge
Solidaridad, Madrid 1889
FINANCIAL WORRIES
• Things turned from bad to worse in Calamba.

• Drought = sugarcane and rice harvest has failed.

• Increased land mentals

• June 24, 1884, participated in a contest of greek language

and won a gold medal.

• On the same day he was asked to be a guest speaker in a

banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo at Restaurant Ingles, Madrid.
RIZAL’S SALUTE TO LUNA & HIDALGO
• June 25,1885, banquet sponsored by the Filipino
Community to celebrate double victory.
• Luna’s Spolarium ( 1st Prize)
• Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the populance (2nd
Prize)
• “Genius knows no country, genius sprouts everywhere,
genius is like light, air the patrimony of everbody,
cosmopolitan like space, like life, like God.” he saluted
Hidalgo and Luna.
RIZAL INVOLVED IN STUDENT
DEMONSTRATIONS
November 20-22, 1884

Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the

Central University which was caused by the address at the
opening ceremony of Dr. Miguel Morayta - "The freedom of
Science and teacher"
STUDIES COMPLETED IN SPAIN
June 21, 1884
conferred the Degree of Licentiate in Medicine in the
Universidad Central de Madrid

1884-1885
passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine but was not awarded a Doctor's diploma due to:
1. He did not present the required thesis
2. He did not pay the corresponding fees
JUNE 19, 1885 (24TH BIRTHDAY)
 Awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
with the rating of Excellent (Sobresaliente)

 By obtaining his degree in Philosophy and Letters and in

Medicine, he was qualified to be a professor of Humanities
and practice medicine. However, he knew that no friar-
owned university in the Philippines would accept him in its
faculty staff due to his brown color and Asian racial ancestry
PARIS to
BERLIN
(1882-1885)
PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-87)
 From Madrid, Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize
in ophthalmology because he wanted to cure his mother’s
eye ailment

 In Paris, he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert,

a French ophthamology
RIZAL AS A MODEL IN JUAN LUNA’S
PAINTINGS
 The Death of Cleopatra – as an Egyptian priest
 The Blood Compact – as Sikatuna

Rizal as Musician
 A pianist and a flutist
WITH PASTOR ULMER AT
WILHELMSFED
Three-months summer vacation at Wilhelmsfed.

A mountainous village near

Heidelberg

Stayed at the vicarage of a kind Protestant pastor,

Dr. Karl Ulmer.
A residence of a vicar
A vicar of Paris.

His wife was a great cook.

He had two children, Friedrich (Fritz) & Etta.
WITH PASTOR ULMER AT
WILHELMSFED

 Rizal’s sojourn in the Pastor’s vicarage lasted until June 25, 1886.
And felt a pang of sadness.

 Later on May 29, 1887, Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Fritz
for the family.
FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT
 OnJuly 31, 1886, Rizal wrote his first letter in
German to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt.
Director of the
Ateneo of Ethnologist & has
Leitmenritz, Austria interest in Philippine
languages.

(Arithmetics) published in Spanish and

 Aritmetica
Tagalog languages by the UST Press in 1868.
Rufino Baltazar Hernandez of Santa Cruz, Laguna
was the author.
FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT

 Inresponse, Blumentritt was impressed, he sent

Rizal two books as a gift.

 Thus marked the beginning of the correspondence

and long lasted friendship.
FIFTH CENTENARY OF HEIDELBERG
UNIVERSITY

UH held its 5th centenary celebration called

Festung on August 6, 1886, three days
before Rizal’s departure.
IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN
 On August 9, 1886, Rizal left the city (Heidelberg) on
a train.
 And arrived at Leipzig on August 14, 1886.
 He attended lectures at the University of Leipzig on
history and psychology.
 Befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a famous German
historian, and Dr. Hans Meyer, German
anthropologist.
 William Tell, a German play by Schiller, was translated by Rizal
in Tagalog as well as Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales.

 Living in Leipzig is cheapest in Europe, so Rizal stayed in for

two months and a half.

 He spent those months by

Correcting some of his second novel’s chapters
Performing his daily exercise at the city gymnasium
Working as a proof-reader in a publisher’s firm
 On October 29, he left for Dresden and met Dr. Adolph
B. Meyer, Director of Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum.

 Stayed for two days and left on the morning of November 1.

RIZAL WELCOMED IN BERLIN’S
SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE
 In Berlin, Rizal had contact with great scientists & met the
ff.:
 Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German scientist-traveler and author
of Travels in the Philippines.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow, famous German anthropologists.
 Dr. Hans Virchow, latter’s son and prof. of Descriptive Anatomy
 Dr. W. Joest, noted German geographer.
 Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger, famous German opthalmologist
 Became a member in
 Anthropological Society,
 Ethnological Society, and
 Geographical Society of Berlin.
○ Recommendation by Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer
○ The membership proved his scientific knowledge is acknowledge
by the Europe’s scientists.

 First Asian to be accorded with such honors.

 Dr.Virchow invited Rizal to do a lecture before the
Ethnological Society.

 Inresponse, Rizal wrote a scholarly paper in

German, Tagalische Verkusnt (Tagalog Metrical Art) ,
and read it before the society on April 1887.

 Thesociety published it and gained elicited favorable

comments from the scientific quarters.
RIZAL’S LIFE IN BERLIN
Gain further Further study
knowledge of of sciences
opthalmodogy and languages

REASONS
FOR LIVING
IN FAMOUS Observe the
BERLIN, economic bad
Association with
German
GERMANY political
conditions of the
scientists &
German nation
scholars

Publish Noli
Me Tangere
 His methodolical and frugal life in Berlin follows:
 At day, working in the clinic of Dr. Schweigger as an assistant
 At night, attends lectures in the University of Berlin
 At his boarding house, he kept himself in a physical trim by
exercising daily.
 He also practiced speaking in German, French and Italian.
 To master French, he took lessons under Madame Lucie Cerdole,
a professor in French.
 In his leisure moments, he toured the country-sides of Berlin and
made sketches.
 He also enjoyed promenading along Unter den Linden, the most
popular boulevard in Berlin, sipping beer and talking to friendly
Berliners.
RIZAL ON GERMAN WOMAN
 The important letter addressed to Trinidad on March 11,
1886 was about his high regard and admiration of German
womanhood.
 And gave her an advise,

“Now that you’re still young you should strive to read,

read, and learn. You must not allow yourself to
be conquered by indolence because it
costs so little to cast off.”
 Serious Diligent
A GERMAN
WOMAN is..

Educated Friendly

A GERMAN Gossipy Quarrelsome

WOMAN is
NOT.. Not particular
Frivolous about dresses &
expensive jewelry
GERMAN CUSTOMS
 Rizal also admired the German customs.
 Christmas custom
 Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering

Rizal’s Darkest Winter

The winter of 1886 in Berlin.
THANK YOU
for
LISTENING!!