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    M.F Polymerization

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    M. Moiz
    This document discusses different polymerization methods including: 1) Bulk polymerization which produces high purity polymers but becomes difficult to control at high conversions due to increasing viscosity. 2) Solution polymerization which uses a solvent to reduce viscosity and aid in heat transfer/control compared to bulk polymerization. 3) Heterogeneous polymerization where the formed polymer is insoluble and precipitates out initially from a homogeneous system. Suspension and emulsion polymerization are examples of heterogeneous polymerization.

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    M.F Polymerization

    Uploaded by

    M. Moiz
    19 views14 pages
    This document discusses different polymerization methods including: 1) Bulk polymerization which produces high purity polymers but becomes difficult to control at high conversions due to increasing viscosity. 2) Solution polymerization which uses a solvent to reduce viscosity and aid in heat transfer/control compared to bulk polymerization. 3) Heterogeneous polymerization where the formed polymer is insoluble and precipitates out initially from a homogeneous system. Suspension and emulsion polymerization are examples of heterogeneous polymerization.

    Original Description:

    DETAILED EXPLANATION ABIUT POLYMERIZATION

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    This document discusses different polymerization methods including: 1) Bulk polymerization which produces high purity polymers but becomes difficult to control at high conversions due to increasing viscosity. 2) Solution polymerization which uses a solvent to reduce viscosity and aid in heat transfer/control compared to bulk polymerization. 3) Heterogeneous polymerization where the formed polymer is insoluble and precipitates out initially from a homogeneous system. Suspension and emulsion polymerization are examples of heterogeneous polymerization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views14 pages

    M.F Polymerization

    Uploaded by

    M. Moiz
    This document discusses different polymerization methods including: 1) Bulk polymerization which produces high purity polymers but becomes difficult to control at high conversions due to increasing viscosity. 2) Solution polymerization which uses a solvent to reduce viscosity and aid in heat transfer/control compared to bulk polymerization. 3) Heterogeneous polymerization where the formed polymer is insoluble and precipitates out initially from a homogeneous system. Suspension and emulsion polymerization are examples of heterogeneous polymerization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Muhammad Furqan

    Roll No : 16103123-006
     A chemical reaction in which two or more
    small molecules combine to form larger
    molecules that contain repeating structural
    units of the original molecules.
     Monomers may be polymerized by the
    following methods:
     (1) Polymerization in homogeneous systems
     (2) Polymerization in heterogeneous systems
     The homogeneous polymerization techniques involve
    pure monomer or homogeneous solutions of
    monomer and polymer in a solvent.
     These techniques can be divided into two methods:
     (i) Bulk polymerization
     (ii) Solution polymerization
     Bulk polymerization is the simplest technique and
    produces the highest-purity polymers.
     This method helps easy polymer recovery and
    minimum contamination of product.
     The viscosity of the mixture is low initially to allow
    readily mixing, heat transfer, and bubble elimination,
    this method is used for the preparation of polyethene,
    polystyrene, etc.
     Reaction medium becomes increasingly viscous as
    reaction goes to higher conversion, making stirring,
    heat removal and processing more difficult.
     Loss of monomer
     Near the end of polymerization, the viscosity is very
    high and difficult to control the rate as the heat is
    “trapped” inside.
     It leads to the auto acceleration process in which the
    propagation rate is very higher than that of
    termination rate, this method is seldom used in
    commercial manufacture.
     This method is used to solve the problems associated
    with the bulk polymerization because the solvent is
    employed to lower the viscosity of the reaction, thus
    help in the heat transfer and reduce auto acceleration.
     It requires the correct selection of the solvent. Both
    the initiator and monomer be soluble in each other
    and that the solvent are suitable for boiling points.
     It is often used to produce copolymers, this method is
    used for the preparation of:
     polyvinyl acetate (C4H6O2)n
     poly (acrylic acid) (C3H4O2)n
     Polyacrylamide (C3H5NO)n
     Solvent has low viscosity, reaction mixture can be
    stirred.
     Thermal control is easier than in the bulk.
     Aids in removal of heat of polymerization.
     Reduce monomer concentration which results in
    decreasing the rate of the reaction and the degree of
    polymerization.
     Difficult to remove solvent from final form, causing
    degradation of bulk properties.
     Small production per reactor volume.
     Not suitable for dry polymers.
     Heterogeneous polymerization is a process that
    begins initially as a homogeneous system in the
    continuous phase, where the monomer and initiator
    are completely soluble, but upon initiation the formed
    polymer is insoluble and thus precipitates.
     Suspension polymerization consists of an aqueous
    system with monomer as a dispersed phase and
    results in polymer as a dispersed solid phase
     Monomer, initiator (must soluble in monomer) and
    polymer must be insoluble in the suspension media.
     This method is used for the preparation of
    polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,
    etc.
     An emulsion polymerization consists of
    (a) Water (solvent or as the heat-transfer agent)
    (b) Monomer
    (c) Initiator (is soluble in water and insoluble in the
    monomer)
    (d) An emulsifier : It is a compound or substance that
    acts as a stabilizer for emulsions preventing the
    liquids from separating(such as sodium salt of
    long-chain fatty acid).
     This method is used for the preparation of
    polyvinyl acetate, butadiene/styrene/acrylonitrile
    (C8H8·C4H6·C3H3N)n , polychloroprene copolymers
    etc

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