01 Introduction to Java Technology

Contents
• History of Java
• What is Java?
• Java Platforms
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• Java Development Kit (JDK)
• Benefits and Features of Java

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 Objectives
• Discuss a brief history of Java
• Define Java
• Differentiate Java Platforms
• J2EE
• J2SE
• J2ME
• Describe the Java Virtual Machine (JVM )
• Explain the contents of the Java Development Kit (JDK)
• Describe benefits and features of Java

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 Brief History of Java
In 1990, Sun Microsystems began an internal project known as the Green
Project to work on a new technology.
In 1992, the Green Project was spun off and its interest directed toward
building highly interactive devices for the cable TV industry. This failed
to materialize.
In 1994, the focus of the original team was re-targeted, this time to the use
of Internet technology. A small web browser called HotJava was written.
Oak was renamed to Java after learning that Oak had already been
trademarked.
In 1995, Java was first publicly released.
In 1996, Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.0 was released.
In 2002, JDK 1.4 (codename Merlin) was released, the most widely used
version.
In 2004, JDK 5.0 (codename Tiger) was released, the latest version.

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 James Gosling

• James Gosling is generally credited as the

inventor of the Java programming
language
• He was the first designer of Java and
implemented its original compiler and
virtual machine
• He is also known as the Father of Java
• He is currently the Chief Technical Officer
of Sun Microsystems

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 Java Quick Facts
• 4.5 million Java developers, the largest community of software developers
• 75% of professional developers in the world use Java
• 1.75 billion devices run in Java
• 825 million Java-enabled smart cards
• 579 million Java-enabled mobile devices
• 635 Java-enabled phone models
• 700 million desktops with Java software
• 220,000 downloads of JDK 1.1 in just 3 weeks, 2 million after a year
• 2 million downloads for J2EE SDK
• JavaOne draws 20,000 becoming the world’s largest developer
conference
• Over 400 Java user groups established worldwide
• Java runs on consumer and embedded devices more than any other
software
• The software that powers the Mars Rover
Java is Everywhere! 6
 What is Java?
A multi-platform, network-centric, object-oriented
programming language
• Multi-platform
• It can run on almost any computer platform
• Network-centric
• Designed with network in mind – “the network is the
computer”
• Designed for building applications for the Internet
• Object-oriented
• It incorporates object-oriented programming model

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 Java Platform Editions

A Java Platform is the set of APIs, class libraries, and other programs used
in developing Java programs for specific applications

There are 3 Java Platform Editions

1. Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)

• Core Java Platform targeting applications running on workstations

2. Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)

• Component-based approach to developing distributed, multi-tier
enterprise applications

3. Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)

• Targeted at small, stand-alone or connectable consumer and
embedded devices

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 Java Development Kit (JDK)

Java Development Kit (JDK)

• Is a set of Java tools for developing Java programs
• Consists of Java API, Java Compiler, and JVM
Java Application Programming Interface (API)
• Is prewritten code, organized into packages of similar topics
Java Virtual
Machine (JVM) JDK
• Is an
execution engine that JRE
runs compiled Java
MyProgram.java
byte code
Java API
Java Virtual Machine
Hardware - Based Platform

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 How does JVM work?
Source Code
• A Java program is written public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[ ]) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
}

• The program is compiled }

• A class file is produced containing Compiler

bytecodes
Class File
• The bytecodes are interpreted by Bytecodes
the JVM

• The JVM translates bytecodes Java Virtual Machine

into native machine code

Native Machine Code
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 Running on Different Platforms
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[ ]) {
System.out.println(“Hello World!”);
}
} Java Program

Compiler

Interpreter Interpreter Interpreter

Hello
Hello Hello
World!
World! World!

Win32 Solaris MacOS

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 Key Benefits & Features of Java
• Write Once, Run Anywhere
• Java is portable and platform independent
• Network-centric
• Can work with resources across a network and multi-tier architectures
• Object-oriented
• A Java program models a set of objects interacting with each other
• Robust
• Strong type checking
• Exception handling mechanism
• Automatic memory management
• Multithreaded
• A Java application can run several different processes called “threads”
simultaneously
• Security
• Can download remote code over a network and run it in a secure
environment
• Security levels and restrictions are highly configurable

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 Key Points
• Java is multi-platform, network-centric, object-oriented
programming language.
• James Gosling is the inventor of Java.
• There are three platforms of Java: J2SE, J2EE, J2ME.
• JDK is a set of tools for developing Java applications.
• JVM interprets Java programs and allows them to run on
any platform.
• Java is portable, robust, multithreaded, and secured.

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