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Lesson1 1

The document provides an introduction to basic ideas of sets. It defines what a set is and introduces key concepts like elements, well-defined sets, set notation, and methods for describing sets including roster notation, verbal description, and set builder notation. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept and students are given practice problems identifying well-defined sets, writing verbal descriptions of sets, listing set elements using roster notation, and writing rules for sets using set builder notation.

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Cherry Mae F. Retaña
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89 views16 pages

Lesson1 1

The document provides an introduction to basic ideas of sets. It defines what a set is and introduces key concepts like elements, well-defined sets, set notation, and methods for describing sets including roster notation, verbal description, and set builder notation. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept and students are given practice problems identifying well-defined sets, writing verbal descriptions of sets, listing set elements using roster notation, and writing rules for sets using set builder notation.

Uploaded by

Cherry Mae F. Retaña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

NUMBER SENSE
LESSON 1.1 Basic Ideas of Sets

MS. CHERRY MAE F. RETAÑA


Math Teacher
Let’s
Explore!!!
In the following collection of objects, find the one that is
out of the group.
1. motorcycle, kalesa, car, bus, airplane

2. Carabao, chicken, cow, pig, goat

3. Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Cagayan, La Union, Pangasinan

4. Hexagon, quadrilateral, rectangle, rhombus, square

5. 2, 12, 24, 11, 30


Definitions
A set is a
collection of objects.

Objects in the collection are called


elements of the set.
Which are the following sets are well-defined?
a.The set of all large numbers
the set is not well defined. Some people will have
different opinions on which numbers are large.
b. The set of all multiples of 5
The set is well-defined. Numbers that are multiples of
5 can easily be differentiated from the others.
c. The set of good writers
The set is not well-defined. Some people may include
different writers in the set.
d. The set of nice people in your class
The set is not well-defined because there is no
common agreement as to what is meant by “nice
people”.
Try It!!!
Which of the following sets are well-
defined?
a.The set of all factors of 18
b.The set of honest people
c.The set of senior citizens
Notation
and
Description of Sets
Notation
Sets are usually designated with capital
letters.
Example: A = {5, 10, 15, 20} means “a set
consisting of the elements 5, 10, 15, and 20”
 5 ∈ 𝐴, and read as “5 is an element of A”.
 ∈ is read as “is an element of”
∉ is read as “is not an element of”
A set with no element is an empty set or null
set. The symol for an empty set is ∅ or { } .
Three Ways in
Describing A
Set
A.The Roster Notation or Listing Method

 It is a method describing a set by


listing each element of the set inside
the symbol { }.
• A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
• B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
• C = {5, 10, 15, …}
• D = { moon }
B. The Verbal Description Method

 It is a method of describing a set in words.


• A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 Set A is the set of counting numbers less than
5.
• B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
 Set B is the set of letters in the word
“Philippines”.
• C = {5, 10, 15, …}
 Set C is the set of positive multiples of 5.
• D = { moon }
 Set D is the set of a natural Earth satellite.
C. The Set Builder Notation
 It is a method that lists the rules that
determine whether an object is an element
of the set rather than the actual elements.

• A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 {x/x is a counting number less than 5}
 Read as “the set of all x’s such that x is
a counting number less than 5”.
 The vertical bar after the first x is
translated as “such that”.
C. The Set Builder Notation
 It is a method that lists the rules that determine
whether an object is an element of the set rather
than the actual elements.
• B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
 {x/x is a letter in the word “Philippines”}

• C = {5, 10, 15, …}


 {x/x is a positive multiple of 5}

• D = { moon }
 {x/x is a natural satellite of the earth}
I. State whether each of the following sets is well—defined or not.
1. The set of happy people
2. The set of prime numbers
3. The set of good teachers
4. The set of big people
5. The set of even counting numbers

II. Write a verbal description for each of the following sets.


6. D = { 1, 3, 5, 7, …}
7. E = { a, b, c, d, …, z}

III. List the elements of the following set using roster notation
method.
8. H = {x/x is a counting number between 7 and 10}
9. M = {x/x > 7, x is an odd integer}

III. Write a rule for the for the following.


10. A = {a, e, i, o, u}

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