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Positional Number System Numeric Values

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that positional number systems represent numbers as strings of digits with each digit position having an associated weight based on its place value. Binary numbers use base-2 so the weights are powers of 2 instead of 10. Octal uses base-8 and hexadecimal uses base-16 with letters A-F representing values 10-16. Converting between number systems involves dividing or multiplying by the radix to extract digits place-by-place from the integer or fractional parts.

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Muhammad Ali
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86 views

Positional Number System Numeric Values

The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that positional number systems represent numbers as strings of digits with each digit position having an associated weight based on its place value. Binary numbers use base-2 so the weights are powers of 2 instead of 10. Octal uses base-8 and hexadecimal uses base-16 with letters A-F representing values 10-16. Converting between number systems involves dividing or multiplying by the radix to extract digits place-by-place from the integer or fractional parts.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Positional Number Systems

Decimal, Binary, Octal and


Hexadecimal Numbers
Wakerly Section 2.1-2.3
Positional Number Systems
• The traditional number
system is called a
positional number system. 6354  6 *1000  3*100  5 *10  4
• A number is represented
as a string of digits. p 1
• Each digit position has a D   di 10i
weight assoc. with it.
i 0
• Number’s value = a
weighted sum of the digits
Fractions: Weights that are
Negative Powers of 10

1 2
425.97  4 *10  2 *10  5 *10  9 *10  7 *10
2 1 0

p 1
D  d 10
i  n
i
i
Binary Numbers
p 1
B  i
b 2
i  n
i

100101.0011

• The “base” is 2 instead of 10


• Meaning: the weights are powers
of 2 instead of powers of 10.
• Digits are called “bits,” for “binary
digits.”
Quiz
Convert the following binary numbers to
decimal:

•1011011.0110
•00110.11001
Octal and Hexadecimal (“Hex”)
Numbers

• Octal = base 8
• Hexadecimal = base 16
– Use A – F to represent the values 10 through 16
in each position.
Decimal Binary Octal Hex
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F
Usefulness of Octal and Hex
Numbers
• Useful for representing multibit binary
numbers because their radices are integer
multiples of 2.

10 0101 1010 1111 . 1011 1112 = 2 5 A F . B E16


Quiz: Convert from Binary to
Octal:

•1 101 011 110 111


•11 011.101 1
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions
• Radix-r-to-decimal conversions are easy
since we do arithmetic in decimal.
• However, decimal-to-radix-r conversions
using decimal arithmetic is harder.
• To do the latter conversion, we convert the
integer and fractional parts separately and
add the results afterwards.
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions:
Integer Part
• Successively divide number by r, taking remainder as
result.
• Example: Convert 5710 to binary.
57 / 2 = 28 remainder 1 (LSB)
/2 = 14 remainder 0 Ans: 1110012
/2 = 7 remainder 0
/2 = 3 remainder 1
/2 = 1 remainder 1
/2 = 0 remainder 1 (MSB)
Decimal-to-Radix-r Conversions:
Fractional Part
• Successively multiply number by r, taking integer part as
result and chopping off integer part before next iteration.
• May be unending!
• Example: convert .310 to binary.

.3 * 2 = .6 integer part = 0
.6 * 2 = 1.2 integer part = 1 Ans = .01001
.2 * 2 = .4 integer part = 0
.4 * 2 = .8 integer part = 0
.8 * 2 = 1.6 integer part = 1
.6 * 2 = 1.2 integer part = 1, etc.
Quiz

Convert from decimal to binary:

•0.5
•73.426
•290.9

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