Distributed Control System: Made By: Sagar 2809195

DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEM
MADE BY:
SAGAR
2809195
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEM
DEFINATION :-
•A Control System In Which Different Intelligent Devices
(Controllers) Are Functionally & Geographically Distributed
To Control The Process And Integrated On Same
Communication Loop.
ADVANTAGES OF DCS SYSTEM
REDUNDANCY:- The System Consists Of Critical Equipments Which Have Been

Supported By Active Stand By System Which Results In
Increased Reliability.
RELIABILITY :- Ability Of A System To Operate Efficiently Under Pre-

Determined Operating Conditions.
ADAPTABILITY:- Ability Of A System To Operate Under Adverse Operating

Conditions Accept Changes And Also Provide Easy Machine
Human Interface.
ARCHITECTURE’S OF DCS
• The master less deterministic type on single network
(Node Server)
• The client server type with master less characteristic

on single network
• The client server type with server as master and

interlink between clients on two separate networks.
NODE SERVER
• A network with deterministic master less type of
protocol has a real master less node hierarchy,
which means that all the nodes, i.e., all
controllers as well as operator stations will have
the same priority and shall be always
communicating to the network together. In this
case, the failure of any one operator station, i.e.
any one node will lead to the “ non operation
of that node only and the rest of the
system stays healthy ” , thereby maintaining
the healthiness of the network.
Node Node Node Node
1 2 3 4
Bus1
Bus2
All healthy
nodes and all
are at same
hierarchy
Node Node
5 6
NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

Node Node Node Node
1 2 3 4
Bus1
failure
Bus2
All healthy
nodes and all
are at same
hierarchy
Node Node
5 6
Failure of Bus-2 causes Bus-1 to take
over without making any difference to
nodes

failure
Bus1
Bus2
Still Healthy
Nodes keep
FAILURE OF A NODE WILL
system
LEAD TO THE FAILURE OF
THE PARTICULAR NODE
healthy
ONLY. OPERABILITY IS
INTACT FROM ALL OTHER
NODES

CLIENT SERVER WITH SINGLE
NETWORK
A special case of Client-server architecture
with servers and all its clients connected
directly to the same network. In this
architecture both the controllers and the
operator stations are clients to the server but
communicating directly to the network. All the
data required are being stored in a common
distributed database at the server which keeps
the complete history of the operations and
process data.
CLIENT SERVER WITH SINGLE
NETWORK
In normal operation all the operations and
process data are being communicated from/to
the operator stations/ controllers are routed
through the server, but failure of the server will
lead to a direct communication of the operator
stations to the controllers. The complete
controllability of the controllers from the
operator stations stays intact and the only
difficulty faced is the loss of the historical
trending capability of the control system.
Server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3
Bus1
Bus2
Server healthy means

Client 4 Client 5 all nodes (clients)
communicating to the
server
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

BUT MASTER LESS FOR OPERABILITY
server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3
Bus1
failure Bus2
Server healthy means

all nodes (clients)
communicating to the
Client 5 server
Client 4

nodes
CLIENT- SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS
BUT MASTERLESS FOR OPERABILITY
Server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3
Failure
Bus1
Bus2
Even after failure of

Client 4 Client 5 server, the clients
keep communicating
Failure of server renders in between and hence
failure of communication operability is intact
between clients and server
CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

BUT MASTERLESS FOR OPERABILITY
CLIENT SERVER WITH TWO
SEPEATE NETWORKS
A network with client server architecture will
have servers as an interconnection point
between the controller nodes and the human
machine interface nodes (HMIs). Both the
controllers and the HMIs are clients to the
server. The failure of the server will lead to
a highly dangerous situation of complete loss
of controllability of the network. No process
information from the controller will be
communicated to the operator station and
instructions from the operator station also
cannot be communicated back to the
controller.
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 server
Network I /Bus1
Network I /Bus2
Network II /Bus1
Network II /Bus2
Client 4
Client 5

WITH SERVER AS MASTER
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 server
Network I /Bus1
failure Network I /Bus2

nodes
Network II /Bus1
Network II /Bus2
Client 4
Client 5

WITH SERVER AS MASTER
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 Data server
lost
failure
Data
lost
Failure of the server will lead to failure of

complete network and loss of operability
Client 4
Client 5
SGP DCS SYSTEM
• Distributed control system for steam generation plant is
being procured from M/s ABB . The system is known as
“ WORKSTATION BASED SYMPHONY
HARMONY INDUSTRIAL IT SYSTEM”.
• The control and monitoring philosophy has been split in
to two categories i.e. closed loops and Open loops
( mainly indications).
• The closed loops are being powered , monitored and
controlled in the DCS whereas the open loops are being
powered and configured in the MUX system and
monitored in the DCS system.
O-NET LINE-1
LINE-2
NODE-9 NODE-8 NODE-7 NODE-6
NODE-10 NODE-5
ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC
NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS
REDUNDENT C - NET
NIS NIS NIS NIS
NPM NPM NPM NPM

NODE-4
NODE-1
BOILER-1 BOILER-2 BOILER-3 COMMON
NODE NODE
-2 -3
C-NET
C-NET is a unidirectional, high speed

serial data network that operates at a
10 – megahertz communication rate. It
supports a central network with up to
250 system NODE connections.
DATA FLOW BETWEEN BRC AND C – NET
NIS NPM
C-NET
C-NET
TO TU SLAVE BRC
FIELD
FROM
FIELD TU SLAVE BRC
CPP DCS SYSTEM
1. Distributed control system for CPP was originally procured from
M/s ABB The system was “ BAILEY NETWORK 90”
2. Later on it was up graded with Symphony Harmony Industrial IT

System for turbine side
3. The boiler side is up graded with INFY 90 System.
4. In this way CPP have to separate DCS System.
5. Both systems are connected to a pair of redundant server.
6. CPP DCS System is Client server based Architecture.

ARCHITECTURE OF CPP DCS SYSTEM
ABC SEQ BMS TG-1 TG-2 COM
C - NET
RTDS1 RTDS2
EWS
O-NET
HIS P HIS R CLIENT COMPOSER

COMPARISON OF DCS OF SGP
& CPP OF NFL PANIPAT
SGP CPP
• Architecture is Node • Architecture is Client
Server based. server based.
• Operating system is • Operating system is
Window XP Windows 2000
Professional based. professional based.
• All critical loops are • All critical loops are
redundant not redundant .

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DISTRIBUTED CONTROL

REDUNDANCY:- The System Consists Of Critical Equipments Which Have Been

RELIABILITY :- Ability Of A System To Operate Efficiently Under Pre-

ADAPTABILITY:- Ability Of A System To Operate Under Adverse Operating

• The client server type with master less characteristic

• The client server type with server as master and

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

Server healthy means

CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

Server healthy means

Failure of Bus-2 causes Bus-1 to take

Even after failure of

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

Failure of Bus-1 causes Bus-2 to take

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

Failure of the server will lead to failure of

NODE-9 NODE-8 NODE-7 NODE-6

ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC

NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS

NIS NIS NIS NIS

NPM NPM NPM NPM

C-NET is a unidirectional, high speed

2. Later on it was up graded with Symphony Harmony Industrial IT

3. The boiler side is up graded with INFY 90 System.

4. In this way CPP have to separate DCS System.

5. Both systems are connected to a pair of redundant server.

6. CPP DCS System is Client server based Architecture.

ABC SEQ BMS TG-1 TG-2 COM

HIS P HIS R CLIENT COMPOSER

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