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    Ground Vibrations and Air Blasts: Causes, Effects and Abatement

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    Dinesh Kumar
    Ground vibrations and air blasts from blasting can damage structures. The level of ground motion decreases with distance from the blast due to factors like wave scattering and rock properties. Blasting guidelines recommend limits on ground vibration based on structure type to prevent damage. Both ground vibrations and air blasts can excite structural responses like wall bending or frame racking in ways that potentially cause cracking. Monitoring and controlling these effects is important to prevent blast-induced damage.

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    Ground Vibrations and Air Blasts: Causes, Effects and Abatement

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar
    61 views21 pages
    Ground vibrations and air blasts from blasting can damage structures. The level of ground motion decreases with distance from the blast due to factors like wave scattering and rock properties. Blasting guidelines recommend limits on ground vibration based on structure type to prevent damage. Both ground vibrations and air blasts can excite structural responses like wall bending or frame racking in ways that potentially cause cracking. Monitoring and controlling these effects is important to prevent blast-induced damage.

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    Ground vibrations and air blasts from blasting can damage structures. The level of ground motion decreases with distance from the blast due to factors like wave scattering and rock properties. Blasting guidelines recommend limits on ground vibration based on structure type to prevent damage. Both ground vibrations and air blasts can excite structural responses like wall bending or frame racking in ways that potentially cause cracking. Monitoring and controlling these effects is important to prevent blast-induced damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    61 views21 pages

    Ground Vibrations and Air Blasts: Causes, Effects and Abatement

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar
    Ground vibrations and air blasts from blasting can damage structures. The level of ground motion decreases with distance from the blast due to factors like wave scattering and rock properties. Blasting guidelines recommend limits on ground vibration based on structure type to prevent damage. Both ground vibrations and air blasts can excite structural responses like wall bending or frame racking in ways that potentially cause cracking. Monitoring and controlling these effects is important to prevent blast-induced damage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Ground Vibrations and Air Blasts:

    Causes, Effects and Abatement.


    Rupture Radius Zones
    Illustration of Seismic and Air Waves
    Areas of Concern when Blasting
    Transmission of Seismic Waves

    The transmission of seismic waves is affected by

    Travel distance
    Ground attenuation
    Ground characteristics
    Geology, discontinuities in rock
    Wave type
    Frequency
    Angle of incidence
    Source strength
    Spherical spreading and
    Elastic properties of the medium
    Attenuation of Ground Motion Levels

    The total energy of the ground motion wave generated in the


    rock around a blast varies directly with the weight of charge
    detonated.

    As the ground motion propagates outward from a blast, the


    volume of rock subjected to the compression wave increases.
    Since the energy in the ground shock is distributed over
    successively greater volume of rock, the peak ground motion
    levels must decrease.
    Scatter
    Since the rock masses are inhomogeneous, ground motion waves travel
    through strata of different acoustic impedance. Scattering of the ground
    motion waves, initiated at boundary discontinuities by reflection, lower the
    peak vibration levels. High frequencies are selectively attenuated while
    some lower frequencies are added to the ground vibrations.
    The presence of joints, fractures, faults and shear zones in the path of a
    ground motion wave also act to scatter the peak vibrations. Some of the
    lateral components of ground motions are lost as the wave travels a
    discontinuity. The degree of re-direction and dissipation of a ground motion
    wave is related to the nature and frequency of structural discontinuities in
    rock.
    The mechanics of ground motion attenuation attributed to rock properties
    tend to produce a ground motion wave train characteristic of the rock along
    the path of transmission. Thus, by determining site attenuation factors, the
    peak levels of ground motions resulting from future blast at that site can be
    predicted.
    Range of Common Residential
    Criteria and Effects
    Contd.
    DGMS Recommendations
    Control of Ground Vibrations
    Contd.
    Structure Response Due to
    Ground Vibrations
    The cracking potential of blast vibrations can be discussed
    best in terms of the response of the structures through
    passing vibrations.

    Structures consist of many components and two of the most


    important are - Wall and Super structure skeletons.

    Super structure response is measured by a transducer


    attached to the corner of the structure while Wall response is
    measured in the middle of a wall.

    Super structure motions are those associated with the racking


    i.e. shearing and torsional distortion of the frame.
    Contd.
    Mid wall motions are associated with the bending of the wall.
    They are primarily responsible for window rattling, picture frame
    tilting and the jiggling of the dishes.

    Generally, cracking from blast occurs where excessive stress


    and strain is produced within the plains of the walls or between
    the wall and its corners.

    Wall and super structure continue to vibrate freely even after the
    passage of ground motions. Wall motions tend to be larger in
    amplitude than super structure motions and tend to occur at
    higher frequencies during free vibrations than those of the super
    structure.
    Natural frequencies of walls range from 12 to 20 Hz and those of
    super structure range from 4 to 12 Hz.
    Conclusions

    Vibrations below 25 Hz can excite high levels of mid wall motions


    (typically 4 times) and generate most of the secondary noise, rattling
    and other annoyances.

    Frequencies below 10 Hz are most serious for potential damage from


    structure racking. They produce large ground displacements and
    high level of strain. They also couple very efficiently into structures.
    Vibration Gauges mounted in
    Corners and on the Wall
    Classification of Damages
    Sequence of Damage
    Contd.
    Air Blast Variables
    Methods to Reduce Air Blast Damage

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