Switchyard & Its Equipment AND HVDC Transmission: Deepak Kumar Sahu
Switchyard & Its Equipment AND HVDC Transmission: Deepak Kumar Sahu
AND
HVDC TRANSMISSION
DEEPAK KUMAR
SAHU
Presentation outline
Understanding basics of switchyard
Switchyard equipments and schemes
Components of switchyard:
Breakers, Isolators, Earth switch, CT, CVT,
Wave trap etc
Brief Description of modes of transmission
Conclusion
What is a Switchyard ?
It is a switching station which has the following
credits :
1. Bus bar
2. Isolators
3. Current transformer
4. Voltage transformer
5. Power transformers / I.C.T.
6. Lightening arrestor
7. Support structure
8. Circuit Breaker
BUS BAR
Used to interconnect the loads and sources of
electrical power
Types of Insulators
Pin type
Suspension type
Current Transformer
• A current transformer is a type of instrument
transformer designed to provide a current in its
secondary winding proportional to the
alternating current flowing in its primary.
• A capacitor voltage
transformer (CVT) is a
transformer used in power
systems to step-down extra
high voltage signals and
provide low voltage signals
either for measurement or to
operate a protective relay..
CVT internals : Bus
Purpose :
- To discharge the high voltage surges in the
power system due to lightning to the ground.
Apparatus to be protected :
* Overhead lines………Earth/Ground wires
* HV equipment……
* Substation…………...Lightning Masts, Earth wires
What exactly does a Lightning Arrestor
Do?
•It Does not Absorb the Lightning or Stop the
Lightning
Line PT
CT
RELAY
CB Trip Coil
DC supply
Various types of CBs :
(i) Miniature CB
(ii) Air Break CB
(iii) Air Blast CB
(iv) Oil CB
(v) SF6 CB
(vi) Vacuum CB
Sulphur Hexafluoride Circuit Breakers
The SF6 is an electro-negative gas and has a
strong tendency to absorb free electrons.
The contacts of the breaker are opened in a high
pressure flow of SF6 gas and an arc is struck
between them.
The conducting free electrons in the arc are
rapidly captured by the gas to form relatively
immobile negative ions.
This loss of conducting electrons in the arc
quickly builds up enough insulation strength to
extinguish the arc.
Advantages of using SF6 Circuit breaker
Advantages
- Power can be generated at high voltages.
- Step-up/Step-down is possible.
Disadvantages
- Requires more copper.
- Due to Skin effect, the effective resistance
is increased
- Continuous loss of power due to charging
current even when the line is open.
- Requirement of Transposition of conductors.
DC transmission
Advantages
TechnicalAdvantages
less.
Economic advantages
Low cost due to less copper requirement
DC lines and cables are cheaper than ac lines or
cables.
The towers of the dc lines are narrower, simpler
and cheaper compared to the towersof the ac lines.
1. MONOPOLAR
2.BIPOLAR
Monopolar: The line has one energized
conductor with the return path through the earth.
Bipolar: A bipolar transmission gives two circuits which are
almost independent of each other. Bipolar mode has one
conductor at a positive potential with respect to ground and a
second conductor operating at negative potential of the same
magnitude.
CONVERTER STATION EQUIPMENT
1. Shunt Capacitors.
2. Converters.(silicon controlled rectifiers,
Thyristors)
3. Smoothing Reactor.
4. Harmonics filter equipment.
Present Scenario