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    Transmission Medium: Presented By: Omkar Aditya

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    Omkar Aditya
    The document discusses different types of transmission media for transmitting signals, including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless transmission using radio waves, microwaves, and satellites. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of each medium. Key factors discussed include bandwidth, data rates, transmission distances, interference levels, and the number of potential receivers for each type of media.

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    Transmission Medium: Presented By: Omkar Aditya

    Uploaded by

    Omkar Aditya
    19 views27 pages
    The document discusses different types of transmission media for transmitting signals, including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless transmission using radio waves, microwaves, and satellites. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of each medium. Key factors discussed include bandwidth, data rates, transmission distances, interference levels, and the number of potential receivers for each type of media.

    Original Description:

    Transmission Media used in daily life

    Original Title

    Transmission Media

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    The document discusses different types of transmission media for transmitting signals, including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless transmission using radio waves, microwaves, and satellites. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of each medium. Key factors discussed include bandwidth, data rates, transmission distances, interference levels, and the number of potential receivers for each type of media.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    19 views27 pages

    Transmission Medium: Presented By: Omkar Aditya

    Uploaded by

    Omkar Aditya
    The document discusses different types of transmission media for transmitting signals, including guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, as well as unguided wireless transmission using radio waves, microwaves, and satellites. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, advantages, and limitations of each medium. Key factors discussed include bandwidth, data rates, transmission distances, interference levels, and the number of potential receivers for each type of media.

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    You are on page 1of 27

    Transmission

    Medium

    Presented By: Omkar Aditya


    1
    Overview

     Guided transmission media – wire (twisted pair, cable,


    fiber)
     Unguided – wireless (radio wave, microwave, satellite)
     Characteristics and quality determined by medium and
    signal
     For guided, the medium is more important
     For unguided, the bandwidth produced by the antenna
    is more important
     Key concerns are data rate and distance

    2
    Design Factors

     Bandwidth
     Higher bandwidth gives higher data rate
     Transmission impairments
     Attenuation
     Interference
     Number of receivers
     In guided media
     More receivers (multi-point) introduce more attenuation
    (need more amplifies or repeaters)

    3
    Electromagnetic Spectrum

    4
    Guided Transmission Media

     Twisted Pair
     Coaxial cable
     Optical fiber

    5
    Twisted Pair

    6
    Twisted Pair - Applications

     Most common medium


     Telephone network
     Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop)
     Within buildings
     To private branch exchange (PBX)
     For local area networks (LAN)
     10Mbps or 100Mbps

    7
    Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons

     Cheap
     Easy to work with
     Low data rate
     Short range

    8
    Twisted Pair - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Analog
     Amplifiers every 5km to 6km
     Digital
     Use either analog or digital signals
     repeater every 2km or 3km
     Limited distance
     Limited bandwidth (1MHz)
     Limited data rate (100MHz)
     Susceptible to interference and noise

    9
    Near End Crosstalk

     Coupling of signal from one pair to another


     Coupling takes place when transmit signal entering the
    link couples back to receiving pair
     i.e. near transmitted signal is picked up by near
    receiving pair

    10
    Unshielded and Shielded TP

     Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)


     Ordinary telephone wire
     Cheapest
     Easiest to install
     Suffers from external EM interference
     Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
     Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference
     More expensive
     Harder to handle (thick, heavy)

    11
    UTP Categories

    12
    Coaxial Cable

    13
    14
    Coaxial Cable - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Analog
     Amplifiers every few km
     Closer if higher frequency
     Up to 500MHz
     Digital
     Repeater every 1km
     Closer for higher data rates

    15
    Optical Fiber

    16
    Optical Fiber - Benefits

     Greater capacity
     Data rates of hundreds of Gbps
     Smaller size & weight
     Lower attenuation
     Electromagnetic isolation
     Greater repeater spacing
     10s of km at least

    17
    18
    Optical Fiber - Transmission
    Characteristics
     Act as wave guide for 1014 to 1015 Hz
     Portions of infrared and visible spectrum
     Light Emitting Diode (LED)
     Cheaper
     Wider operating temp range
     Last longer
     Injection Laser Diode (ILD)
     More efficient
     Greater data rate
     Wavelength Division Multiplexing
    19
    Terrestrial Microwave

     Parabolic dish
     Focused beam
     Line of sight
     Long haul telecommunications
     Higher frequencies give higher data rates

    20
    Satellite Microwave
     Satellite is relay station
     Satellite receives on one frequency, amplifies or repeats
    signal and transmits on another frequency
     Requires geo-stationary orbit
     Height of 35,784km
     Television
     Long distance telephone
     Private business networks

    21
    Satellite Point to Point Link

    22
    Satellite Broadcast Link

    23
    Broadcast Radio
     Omnidirectional
     FM radio
     UHF and VHF television
     Line of sight
     Suffers from multipath interference
     Reflections

    24
    Infrared

     Modulate noncoherent infrared light


     Line of sight (or reflection)
     Blocked by walls
     e.g. TV remote control, IRD port

    25
    Wireless Propagation
     Signal travels along three routes
     Ground wave
     Follows contour of earth
     Up to 2MHz
     AM radio
     Sky wave
     Amateur radio, BBC world service, Voice of America
     Signal reflected from ionosphere layer of upper atmosphere
     (Actually refracted)
     Line of sight
     Above 30Mhz
     May be further than optical line of sight due to refraction
     More later…

    26
    Line of Sight Propagation

    27

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