Scribd
Upload
375 views19 pages

Geological Time Scale

This document provides an overview of the geological time scale. It describes the hierarchical structure from largest to smallest units of eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It provides examples for the different periods and epochs that divide earth's history over the past 4.6 billion years. The geological time scale is based on studies of rock layers and fossils worldwide to develop a standardized system for dating major life forms and geological events.

Uploaded by

Mr. Gadget
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
375 views19 pages

Geological Time Scale

This document provides an overview of the geological time scale. It describes the hierarchical structure from largest to smallest units of eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It provides examples for the different periods and epochs that divide earth's history over the past 4.6 billion years. The geological time scale is based on studies of rock layers and fossils worldwide to develop a standardized system for dating major life forms and geological events.

Uploaded by

Mr. Gadget
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

VIDYA BHARATI MAHAVIDYALAYA

 NAME :- Soheiba kazi


 SEMINAR TOPIC:- Geological time scale
 CLASS:- M.Sc (II)yr sem-3
 GUIDED BY:- Mr. Naved Ahmad sir
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TYPES OF ERAS
 TYPES OF PERIODS
 TYPES OF EPOCHS
 REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
 The geological time scale is a record of the life forms
and geological events in earth’s history.
 Scientist developed the time scale by studying the rock
layers and fossils world wide.
 The radioactive dating helped determine the absolute
divisions in the time scale.
 The largest sections are called as eons.
 Eons are divided into periods and they are divided into
epochs.
HISTORY
 The principles of geological time scale were first laid
down by Nicolaus steno in the late 17th century.
 After that Abraham werner and others divided the
rocks of earths crust into four types primary,
secondary, and tertiary, quaternary.
 Now also tertiary and quaternary remain in use as
names in geological periods well into the 21th century.
EONS
 Largest most general division of time.
 There are two types of eons
 The eons are cryptozoic (precambrian)eon and
phanerozoic eon.
 Precambrian and phanerozoic eon and both consist of
three eras.
ERAS
 Each eon is broken up into eras.
 Major eras in earth’s history are:
Precambrian era-Archean era
Proterozoic era
Phanerozoic era- Palaeozoic era
Mesozoic era
Coenozoic era
CRYPTOZOIC EON
 Lasted from 540 million years ago to 4600 million
years ago.
 Oldest and longest it covers almost 90% of earth
history.
 The organisms which were born are bacteria, algae,
protozoa.
 Oldest rocks that we know were found in this eons
which dates to about 3.5 billion years old.
 Divided into two eras: Proterozoic and Archean.
ARCHEAN ERA
 Lasted from 2500-4600 million years ago.
 Earliest plants( Marine algae) developed.
 The first life bacteria came into existence (3800
million years ago)
PROTEROZOIC ERA
 Lasted from 540-2500 millions years ago.
 Marine invertebrates were probably common.

HADEAN ERA:-
 This era begins with the formation of the solar system and
earth.
 This period lasts some 760 million years when the earth
was subject to frequent bombardment by comets,
asteroids, an other planetary debris. By the end the oceans
were filled with prokaryote life evolutions.
PHANEROZOIC EON
 Began from 540 million years ago and its still
continued today.
 It is divided into three era.
 Paleozoic era
 Mesozoic era
 Cenozoic era
PALAEOZOIC ERA
 Began 250-570 million years ago.
 Dividing into 6 periods.
 For the first time on earth, organism had hard parts(
shells, exoskeletons).
 Evolution and development of pteridophyte,
amphibians, reptiles, fishes, wing bearing insects,
trilobites, etc.
MESOZOIC ERA
 Lasted from 250-265 million years ago.
 Dividing into three periods:
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous.
• Dinosaurs, mammals and gymnosperms appeared.
COENOZOIC ERA
 From 65 million years ago to present days.
 Divided into two periods: Tertiary and quaternary.
 Development of modern mammals, angiosperms and
human beings.
PERIODS
 Each era is divided into even more specific block of
time called periods.
 Various geologic events are associated with each
period.
 Each period is again classified into different epochs.
 These are some types of periods.
a. Cambrian-570-510 million years ago
b. Ordovician-510-440 million years ago
c. Silurian-440-409 million years ago
d. Devonian-409-363 million years ago
e. Carboniferous-363-290 million years ago
f. Triassic- 245-208 million years ago
g. Jurassic-208-146 million years ago
h. Cretaceous-146-65 million years ago
EPOCH
 An epoch is a subdivision of the geologic time scale
that is no longer than an age and shorter than a period.
 Some epochs of cenozoic era are,
 Paleocene
 Eocene
 Oligocene
 Miocene
 Piliocene
 Pleistocene
 Holocene
REFERENCE
 BOOK OF PTERIDOPHYTA
-P.C.VASISHTA

You might also like