TYPES OF

RANDOM
SAMPLING
METHOD
What is Random Sample?
• A random sample is a sample that is
chosen randomly. It could be more
accurately called a
randomly chosen sample. Random
samples are used to avoid bias and
other unwanted effects.
TYPES
1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
2. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
3. CLUSTER SAMPLING
4. MULTISTAGE SAMPLING
5. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
 SIMPLE
RANDOM
SAMPLING
What is Simple Random Sampling?

• Simple random sampling is

a type of probability sampling
technique with the simple random
sample, there is an equal
chance (probability) of selecting each
unit from the population being
studied when creating your sample
Probability Sampling
• A probability sampling method is
any method of sampling that utilizes
some form of random selection.
• Example

1.100 numbered bingo balls

into a bowl (this is
the population N). Select 10
balls from the bowl without
looking.
How to creat a Simple Random Sample?

• Step 1: Define the population

-For example, the population is the 50
students at the Service classroom. The
population is expressed as N.
• Step 2: Choose your sample size
- Let's imagine that we choose a sample
size of 15 students. The sample is
expressed as n.
• Step 3: List the population
- To select a sample of 15 students, we
need to identify all 50 students at the
class.
• Step 4: Assign numbers to the units
- We now need to assign a consecutive
number from 1 to N, next to each of the
students.
- assigning a consecutive number from 1
to 50 (i.e., N = 50; the population of
students at the university).
• Step 5: Find random numbers
- Next, we need a list of random
numbers before we can select the
sample of 15 students from the total list
of 50 students.
• Step 6: Select your sample
- Finally, we select which of the 50
students will be invited to take part in
the research.
11(the 11th student from the numbered list
of 50 students)
and so on.
• Example

2. Place the 12 game pieces

in a bowl and (again,
without looking) choose
3.
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING (sources)

• http://www.statisticshowto.com/simpl
e-random-sample/
• http://dissertation.laerd.com/simple-
random-sampling.php
STRATIFIED
RANDOM
SAMPLING
What is STRATIFIED RAMDOM SAMPLING?

 Stratified random sampling is

a method of sampling that
involves the division of a
population into smaller groups
known as strata.
• the strata are formed based on
members' shared attributes or
characteristics.
• Stratified random sampling is
also called proportional
random sampling or quota
random sampling.
 BREAKING DOWN 'Stratified Random
Sampling'
1. In order to save time and money, an analyst may
take on a more feasible approach by selecting a
small group from the population.
2. A stratified random sampling involves dividing the
entire population into homogeneous groups which
are called strata (singular is stratum).
3. Random samples are then selected from each
stratum
Example
• an academic researcher would like to know
the number of MBA students that got a job
within three months of graduation in 2007.
 find the number of MBA graduates for the
year.
 take a simple random sample
 divide the population into strata and take a
random sample from the strata.
 you could categorize it by gender, age range,
race, country of nationality, and career
background.
Stratification can be proportionate or
disproportionate.
• Proportionate
• (sample size/population size) x
stratum size
• Disproportionate
• total population/ 1/2 (you may decide
how much)
Age
group 24-28 29-33 34-37 Total

Number
of people 90,000 60,000 30,000 180,000
in
stratum
Strata
Sample 25,000 16,667 8,333 50,000
size
 Stratified Random Sampling (source)

• https://www.investopedia.com/term
s/stratified_random_sampling.asp
CLUSTER
SAMPLING
What is Cluster Sampling?
• Cluster sampling (also known as one-
stage cluster sampling) is a technique in
which clusters of participants that
represent the population are identified
and included in the sample.
• Cluster sampling is a sampling technique
that divides the main population into
various sections (clusters).
• Area or geographical sampling
can be specified as the most
popular version of cluster
sampling. Specifically, a specific
area can be divided into clusters
and primary data can be collected
from each cluster to represent
the viewpoint of the whole area.
 EXAMPLE
• an organization is looking to survey
the performance of smartphones
across Philippines.
Select a cluster grouping as a sampling frame.
Mark each cluster with a unique number.
Choose a sample of clusters applying probability
sampling.
 Types of Cluster Sampling:
• Single Stage Cluster Sampling: As the name
suggests, sampling will be done just once.
• Two-Stage Cluster Sampling:In two-stage cluster
sampling, instead of selecting all the elements of a
cluster, only a handful of members are selected
from each cluster by implementing systematic or
simple random sampling.
• Multiple Stage Cluster Sampling:For effective
research to be conducted across multiple
geographies,
 CLUSTER SAMPLING (sources)
• https://research-methodology.net/sampling-
in-primary-data-collection/cluster-sampling/
• https://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?d
efinition=cluster_sampling
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/cluster-
sampling/
• http://www.statisticshowto.com/what-is-
cluster-sampling/
MULTISTAG
E
SAMPLING
 What is Multistage Sampling?
• Multistage sampling divides large
populations into smaller clusters in
several stages in order to make primary
data collection more manageable. A
combination of stratified
sampling or cluster sampling and simple
random sampling is usually used.
EXAMPLE

• Thegovernment wants to
take a sample of 10,000
households residing in
Gujarat state.
1. At the first stage, the state can be divided into the
number districts
- and then few districts can be selected randomly
2. At the second-stage, the chosen districts can be
further sub-divided into the number of villages and
then the
- sample of few villages can be taken at random.
3. Now at the third-stage, the desired number of
households can be selected from the villages
chosen at the second stage.
 MULTISTAGE SAMPLING (sources)
• http://www.statisticshowto.com/multista
ge-sampling/
• https://research-
methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-
data-collection/multi-stage-sampling/
• https://businessjargons.com/multistage-
sampling.html
SYSTEMATI
C
SAMPLING
 What is Systematic Planning?
• Systematic sampling is a type of probability
sampling method in which sample members from
a larger population are selected according to a
random starting point and a fixed, periodic
interval.
• This interval, called the sampling interval, is
calculated by dividing the population size by the
desired sample size.
- (nth selected = total number of data / sample
size needed)
STEPS
STEP 1: Define the population
• example, the population is the 10,000
students at the University of Bath. The
population is expressed as N. Since we are
interested in all of these university students,
we can say that our sampling frame is all
10,000 students.
FEMALE
EXCLUDE MALE
STEP 2: List the population
• Let's imagine that we choose a sample size of
100 students. The sample is expressed as n.
This number was chosen because it reflects
the limit of our budget and the time we have
to distribute our questionnaire to students.
STEP 3: List the population
• To select a sample of 100 students, we need
to identify all 10,000 students at the
University of Bath.
STEP 4: Assign numbers to cases
• We now need to assign a consecutive
number from 1 to N, next to each of the
students. In our case, this would mean
assigning a consecutive number from 1 to
10,000
STEP 5: Calculate the sampling fraction
• Assuming we have chosen a sample size of
100 students, we now need to work out
the sampling fraction, which is simply the
sample size selected (expressed as n) divided
by the population size (N). In this case:
• The sampling fraction tells us that we need to
select 1 student in every 100 students from
the population of 10,000 students at the
university. After doing this 100 times, we will
have our sample of 100 students.
STEP 6: Select the first unit
• Since we need to select 1 student in every 100
students, first we use a random number
table to select the first student. Imagine the
first number in the random number table was
0009, we would ignore the first three digits
and focus on the last digit, 9, since this
number fits between 0 and 100. As such, our
first student would be the 9th on our list of
10,000 students.
EXAMPLE
STEP 7: Select your sample
• Now that we know the first unit, namely the 9th
student on the list, we can select the other 99
students to make up our sample of 100 students.
Since we need to select 1 student in every 100
students from the list, we use the 9th student as
the starting point and then select every 100th
student from this point. As such, we select the
109th student on the list, the 209th student, the
309th student, and so forth.
 SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
(source)
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sy
stematic-sampling.asp
• http://dissertation.laerd.com/systematic-
random-sampling.php
• https://businessjargons.com/systematic-
sampling.html
THANK
YOU!
 Slovin's formula
• is used to calculate the sample size
(n) given the population size (N) and
a margin of error (e).
• it's a random sampling technique
formula to estimate sampling
size
 n = number of samples
 N = total population
 e = margin of error
Formula:

n = N / (1+Ne2)
 When to use slovin’s formula?
• If a sample is taken from a population, a formula must
be used to take into account confidence levels and
margins of error. When taking statistical samples,
sometimes a lot is known about a population,
sometimes a little and sometimes nothing at all. For
example, we may know that a population is normally
distributed (e.g., for heights, weights or IQs), we may
know that there is a bimodal distribution (as often
happens with class grades in mathematics classes) or
we may have no idea about how a population is going
to behave (such as polling college students to get their
opinions about quality of student life). Slovin's formula
is used when nothing about the behavior of a
population is known at at all.
 How to use slovin's formula?
To use the formula, first figure out what you
want your error of tolerance to be.
• you may be happy with a confidence level of
95 percent (giving a margin error of 0.05)
• or you may require a tighter accuracy of a 98
percent confidence level (a margin of error of
0.02)
Plug your population size and required margin
of error into the formula. The result will be the
number of samples you need to take.
• In research methodology, for example N=1000
and e=0.05

• n = 1000 / (1 + 1000 * 0.5²)

n = 1000 / (1 + 250)
n = 3.984063745 = 4
samplings
A researcher plans to conduct a survey. If the population on
High City is 1,000,000 , find the sample size if the margin of
error is 25%

First : Convert the Margin Error 25% by dividing it to

100
Given:
N = 1,000,000
e = 25% = 0.025

n = 1,000,000/(1 + 1,000,000 ·0.025² )

n = 1,000,000/(1 + 1,000,000 · 0.000625 )
n = 1,000,000/(1 + 625 )
n = 1,000,000/626
n = 1597.44 or approx. 1597 sampling
• Suppose that you have a group of
1,000 city government employees
and you want to survey them to find
out which tools are best suited to
their jobs. You decide that you are
happy with a margin of error of
0.05. Using Slovin's formula, you
would be required to survey n = N /
(1 + Ne^2) people:
•1,000 / (1 + 1000 *
0.05 * 0.05) = 286