A guide to emergency disaster

ERIC L. ASTILLERO, RN, MPA, EMT

Department Head – ZPSAM

AHA BLS & ACLS Instructor
EMT Instructor / Assessor

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At the end of this session the participants will
be able to:

Understand why disaster preparedness

is necessary.
Know the phases of disaster
management

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Know what happens during earthquake,
fire, and other disaster.
Know what to do during these kinds of
situations.
Build their own emergency kit.
Plan for emergencies.
Know the Survival Rule of 3’s

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 a) Provide guidance and information on the
tasks that have to be accomplished for all
disaster phases;
 b) Identify the specific offices and services
units that must accomplish such tasks; and
 c) Provide the tools or formats that will be
used to facilitate the tasks and document the
status of the accomplishment of the tasks.

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 The NDRP is the Philippine Government’s
“Multi-Hazard” Response Plan geared
towards effective emergency management.
Emergency management as
defined in the NDRRM Act of 2010 (RA10121)

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 Pre-Disaster Phase
 During Disaster Phase
 Post Disaster Phase

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They are relatively unexpected
Personnel may be overwhelmed
Lives, Health and Environment are
endangered

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Disaster – it is a sudden and serious
disruption of life caused by nature or humans
that create or threaten to create injuries to a
number of persons or properties.
Calamity – is an emergency particularly a
natural made.
MCI – Mass Casualty Incident is any number
of casualties that can overwhelm resources
for treatment
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Natural (earthquake, tsunami, flood)

Man-Made (fire, terrorism)

Technological (radiologic, nuclear)

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To provide for the safety of patrons and staff
To maintain the institution’s ability to
continue functioning during and after a major
emergency
To reduce damage to collections
To decrease the amount of time it takes to
implement disaster recovery procedures

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Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery

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Mitigation - Mitigation efforts are attempts
to prevent hazards from developing into
disasters altogether or to reduce the effects
of disasters.

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Preparedness -
Preparedness is a continuous
cycle of planning, organizing,
training, equipping,
evaluation and improvement
activities.

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Response - mobilization of
the necessary emergency
services and first responders
in the disaster area.

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Recovery - restore the
affected area to its
previous state.

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Damage to Transportation
Inability to assess damage accurately
Ambulance prevented from reaching victims
Police prevented from reaching areas of civil
unrest
Fire departments prevented from getting to
fires
Interruption to the flow of needed supplies

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Damage to Structures
Damage Hospitals unable to function
normally
Increased risk of damage from falling debris

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Damage to Communication
Victims unable to call for help
Coordination of services is hampered

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Damage to Utilities
Increased risk of fire or electrical shock
Loss of contact between victims and service
providers
Inadequate water supply
Increased risk to public health

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1. Facility Floor Plans
Locations of
Keys
Supplies
Fire Alarms, Fire Extinguishers, Smoke/fire
detectors, Sprinkler
Master Switches for Gas, Water, Electricity
Emergency Exits

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2. Conduct Drills
3. Develop a Plan for uniting family
members
4. Identify an out-of-state family contact
5. Keep supplies always ready.

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EMERGENCY KITS AND SURVIVAL KITS
Food and Water
Shelter
Communication / Signaling
Fire Making Capability
First Aid Kits (Includes Medical, Survival
Equipment good for 72 hours)

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Earthquake – a sudden slipping or movement
of a portion of the Earth’s Crust cause by
sudden release of stresses

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Collapsed Buildings
Damage to utilities, structures and roads
Fires and Explosion
Structural Instability

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Identifying potential Hazard in Homes and
Workplace.
Learn basic first aid where possible
Learn the earthquake plan at your school or
workplace.
Developing a Disaster Supply Kit / Emergency
Kit.

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Drop, Cover and Hold
If Indoors, Stay There and cover your nose to
prevent inhalation aspiration
Run along the walls it will lead you to a
window or a door
If outdoors, find a spot away from buildings,
trees, streetlights and power lines and
overpasses.
If in a vehicle, drive to a clear spot and stop.
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Clean up spills
Inspect for any damages
Tune to Emergency alert system
Expect Aftershocks
Headcount for family members or Staff

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Fire - Fire is rapid, self-sustaining oxidation
process accompanied by the evolution of
heat and light in varying intensities.

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Most earthquake are accompanied by fire due to
electrical defaults, explosion.

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If you can get out:
Soak towels, or blankets in water.

Open the door.

If the hallway is smoke-filled, get as low as

possible

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If your clothes catch on fire, STOP
where you are, DROP to the ground and
ROLL over and over to smother the
flames.
Do not go back inside the building
unless instructed that it is safe to do so.

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Flood - A flood is an overflow of an expanse
of water that submerges land. This could be a
cause from typhoons.

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Before the typhoon
 Store an adequate supply of food and clean water.
 Keep flashlights, candles and battery-powered
radios within easy reach.
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest
weather report.
 Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, first
aid kit, candles/flashlight, battery-powered radio,
food, etc.

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During the typhoon
 Stay inside the house.
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest
weather report.
 If safe drinking water is not available, boil water
for at least 20 minutes. Place it in a container with
cover.

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 The Incident Command System (ICS) is a
standardized approach to the command,
control, and coordination of emergency
response providing a common hierarchy
within which responders from multiple
agencies can be effective.

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Sheltering In Place
Evacuation is not always the best way to stay
safe
Staying inside the home, workplace, or other
building can be a viable options

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Planning to Shelter-In-Place
Select an interior room (if possible with a
toilet, water, and phone)
Ensure that the room is large enough for
family or co-workers
Have disaster supply kit ready
Have snacks and book to make the situation
comfortable

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Procedures in Sheltering in place
Lock all doors and windows (use duct tapes to
cover holes)
Take disaster supply kit to the safe room
Tune to EAS for additional instruction

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Shelter In Place Don'ts
Don't try to pick up children in school
Don't leave your home or workplace until
directed by the EAS
Don't Risk personal safety to save pets

STAY IN PLACE UNTIL TOLD THAT IT IS SAFE

TO GO OUTSIDE

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The Survival Rule of Threes is a convenient way
of memorizing the order of importance for each
basic survival necessity. In extreme survival
situations you cannot survive more than:
3 minutes without air
3 hours without shelter
3 days without water
3 weeks without food
3 months without hope
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Your Shoes will determine your survival capability.
During disaster, always keep yourself safe. Run away
from the hot zone, then assess the place, and ask
yourself, what can you do to help the others
During Emergency, orient your family on what to do.
Make a set of plans; where to meet, what to bring.
Everyday you must have at least an emergency kit like
First Aid Kit with you.
Always train yourself in emergency preparedness

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