Theories Behind The Origin of The Universe

THEORIES
BEHIND THE
ORIGIN OF THE
UNIVERSE
HOW DID THE
UNIVERSE
ORIGINATE?
First Theory
According to this theory developed by various

scientist and philosophers, about 10 to 20 billion
years ago, matter and energy were compressed and
condensed in a hot tiny dense mass.
In fact, matter and energy back then were theorized
as the same and indistinguishable from each other.
But due to random influctuations, this tiny dense and
compact point exploded tremendously.
First Theory
In this theory, energy and matter divided and

became distinct from each other. After the
massive explosion, dust and portion of the
condensed matter and energy started to
spread out. These scattered particles
eventually coagulated and different objects
and heavenly bodies began to form. Soon,
stars, solar systems and galaxies were formed.
ACTIVITY
2: Bang
that
Balloon!
Materials:
1 piece balloon (not
inflated)
5 pieces pebbles
3 pieces small marbles
¼ cup water
1 tbsp of san
Procedure:
1. Put all the given materials inside
the balloon.
USE GOGGLES TO PROTECT YOUR EYES
2.Inflate slowly the balloon until the
balloon bursts.
3. Observe what will happen to the
materials when the balloon bursts.
Guide Questions:
1. Compare the materials when they are
inside the balloon and when the balloon
bursts.
Describe what happens to the materials
when the balloon bursts.
3. Based on the activity, how will you
describe the big bang theory of the
universe? How were the planets and stars
formed?
Second Theory
Most popular version was propose by Fred Hoyle,
Thomas Gold, Hemran Bondi et.al.
It states that the universe has been present ever
since and therefore has no beginning and no end,
and has been expanding constantly.
Alternative to big bang theory.
According to this theory, the density of matter in
the expanding universe remains unchanged due to
continous creation of matter, thus adhering to the
perfect cosmological principle.
The Steady State Theory is so simple
that it was widely accepted even before
the proposal of the Big Bang Theory. The
discovery of the cosmic background
radiation significantly supported the
explanations given by the Big Bang Theory,
which led many scientists to reject the
Steady State Theory.
Third Theory
Combines both the big bang theory and the big crunch as
part of a cyclical event.
This theory says that the universe follows infinite self
sustaining cycles such as expanding and contracting.
After the universe has contracted to a certain size,
explosion occurs and the universe will start expanding.
The theory also states that the universe is “living” and
keeps pulsating in and out.
The universe expands at a rapid rate with gravity and
inertia and eventually inertia will run out and gravity will
be left and will cause the universe to pull in to itself and
create a “crunch”
Pulsating Theory or Oscillating Universe Theory
This theory discusses that the universe

is expanding and will contract once all the
energy after the Big Bang is used up. This
theory, can be described as the
combination of the Big Bang and the Big
Crunch.
The Big Crunch occurs when the
universe expands and eventually reverses,
then collapses causing a singularity or the
formation of another Big Bang. The
Oscillating Universe Theory suggests that
once the universe reverses and attains
the point of singularity, another universe
will be born. This is referred to as the Big
Bounce.
Just like in the Steady State Theory,
scientists discovered many loopholes
in the Oscillating Universe Theory
because it was said that for the
universe to collapse, energy must be
present. This theory suggests that the
universe will collapse on its own after
it reaches its full expansion, which
violates some laws of physics.
Key Points
• Big Bang Theory states that the universe started as a
singularity that exploded. This explosion resulted to the
formation of all the matter in universe.
• Steady State Theory discusses that the universe has
always been there and will always be present.
• Oscillating Universe Theory discusses that the universe is
expanding and will contract once all the energy after the
Big Bang is used up. The collapsing of the universe will
then lead to the formation of a new universe.
Quiz
1. Which of the 3 theories about the origin of

the universe is most accepted by
scientists? Why?
2. Differentiate the Big Bang Theory and the
Steady State Theory with regard to the
density of matter present in the universe.
3. What are the reasons why are the 3
theories cannot be considered as a fact?
Assignment
Aside from the theories
discussed in this lesson, what
other theories can you suggest to
explain the origin of the
universe? You may use the
internet to search for other
theories.
Assignment
What types of
heavenly bodies are
present on our solar
system?

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THEORIES

According to this theory developed by various

In this theory, energy and matter divided and

This theory discusses that the universe

1. Which of the 3 theories about the origin of

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