MATLAB TUTORIAL

on
Vector and Matrix
Dr.Anandan P
Faculty - Department of ECE
VelTech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D
Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi,
Chennai.
Understanding the MATLAB
Environment

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The desktop has the following panels:
 Current Folder
 Command Window
 Workspace
 Editor window

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 Current Folder
• This panel allows you to
access the project
folders and files.

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 Command Window
• This is the main area
where commands can
be entered at the
command line. It is
indicated by the
command prompt (>>).

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 Workspace
• The workspace shows
all the variables created
and/or imported from
files.

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 Editor window
• Commands can be
entered here and
executed as a script.
They are saved with a
.m extension. To run
your script, type in the
name at the command
prompt, or press F5 or
the save and run button
at the top of the editor

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 License?
• How to check the
license Number ?

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 ;
• If you end a statement
with a semicolon,
MATLAB performs the
computation, but
suppresses the display
of output in the
Command Window.

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 Comments
• MATLAB treats all the
information after the % on a
line as a comment.
• To comment a group of
lines, type %{ before the first
line and %} after the last line
you want to comment.

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 Help
• To know more
info of a
command.

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 Array, Vector & Matrix
• Array is a collection of several values of the
same type.
• A vector is a one-dimensional array of
numbers.
• A matrix is a two-dimensional array of
numbers.

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 Creating a Row Vector
• Row vectors are created
by enclosing the set of
elements in square
brackets, using space or
comma to delimit the
elements.

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 Creating a Column Vector
• Column vectors are created
by enclosing the set of
elements in square
brackets, using semicolon to
delimit the elements.

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 Referencing the Elements of a Vector
• You can reference one or
more of the elements of a
vector in several ways. The
ith component of a vector v
is referred as v(i).

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• When you reference a
vector with a colon, such
as v(:), all the
components of the vector
are listed.

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 Referencing a range of Elements in a
Vector
• Create a row vector rv of 9
elements, then we will
reference the elements 3 to
7 by writing rv(3:7) and
create a new vector named
sub_rv.

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 Vector Operations
Addition and Subtraction
You can add or subtract two
vectors. Both the operand
vectors must be of same type
and have same number of
elements.

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 Scalar Multiplication of Vectors
• When you multiply a
vector by a number, this
is called the scalar
multiplication

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 Transpose of a Vector
The transpose operation
changes a column vector
into a row vector and vice
versa. The transpose
operation is represented by
a single quote (').

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 Appending Vectors
• MATLAB allows you to
append vectors
together to create
new vectors.

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 Vector Dot Product
• Dot product of two
vectors
a = (a1, a2, …, an) and
b = (b1, b2, …, bn)
is given by:
a.b = Σ(ai.bi)

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 Vectors with Uniformly Spaced
Elements
• To create a vector v with the first element f, last element
l, and the difference between elements is any real
number n, we write:

v = [f : n : l]

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 MATRIX
• A matrix is a two-dimensional array of
numbers.
• In MATLAB, you create a matrix by entering
elements in each row as comma or space
delimited numbers and using semicolons to
mark the end of each row.

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• For example, let us create a 4-by-5 matrix a:

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Referencing the Elements of a Matrix
• To reference an element in the mth row and nth column,
of a matrix mx, we write: mx(m, n);

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• To reference all the elements in the mth column we type
A(:,m)
• Let us create a column vector v, from the elements of the
4th column of the matrix a:

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• You can also select the elements in the mth through
nth columns, for this we write:
a(:,m:n)

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• In the same way, you can create a sub-matrix taking
a sub-part of a matrix.
• For example, let us create a sub-matrix sa taking the
inner subpart of a:
3 4 5
4 5 6

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 Deleting a Row or a Column in a Matrix
• You can delete an entire row or column of a matrix by
assigning an empty set of square braces [] to that row or
column. Basically, [] denotes an empty array.
• For example, let us delete the fourth row of a:

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• Next, let us delete the fifth column of a:

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Thank You