Architectural Drawing 1

LECTURE 9
7th November 2013

Semester I | Sri Renugambal School of Architecture, Polur | Architectural Drawing I

 Section of Solids

Semester I | Sri Renugambal School of Architecture, Polur | Architectural Drawing I

 SECTION of SOLIDS

FRUCTUM

• When a regular pyramid or cone is cute

by a sectional plane parallel to its base
and on removing the upper portion of
the solid, the remaining bottom portion
is called the frustum of a pyramid or
cone.

• E.g., if a square pyramid is cut by a plane

parallel to its base and the upper portion
is removed, the remaining bottom
portion is called as the frustum of a
square pyramid.

MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1

 SECTION of SOLIDS

Truncated solids

• When a regular prism, pyramid or cone is

cute by a sectional plane inclined to its
base, and on removing the upper portion
of the solid, it is called a truncated prism,
truncated pyramid or truncated cone.

MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1

 SECTION of SOLIDS

• When an object has more invisible details

and a complicate shape, a sectional plane or
cutting plane may be assumed suitably, to
cut the object.

• As a result of cutting, a portion which is

usually of the smaller size, between the
observer and the cutting plane is assumed
to be removed.

• The projections are based on the position of

the cutting plane to the reference planes

• The cutting plane or section plane is always

represented by their traces.

• The cutting plane is an imaginary plane

• The view of the of an object with cut portion

is projected out on the reference plane and
is known as sectional view.
MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1
 SECTION of SOLIDS

• The cut portion is observed as a straight lime

when it is projected on to a reference plane
to which the cutting plane is perpendicular.

• The actual shape of the cut portion is known

as true shape of a section. It is projected and
obtained on a principle reference plane or
auxillary plane which is parallel to the cutting
plane

• In a view where the cut portion is not seen as

it its true shape is known as apparent
section.

• When the cutting plane cuts a solid, the cut

portion is removed and the section with new
corners or points are obtained on the side or
edges of the solid. These points are obtained
in the projection and joined in proper
sequence to draw the section in that view.

MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1

 SECTION of SOLIDS

REPRESENTATION

• The cut portion projected and obtained

in the apparent section or true shape of
the section is represented by uniformly
spaced hatched lines.

• These hatching lines are inclined at 45

degrees to the principle outer lines.

• They have a uniform space of 2mm to

3mm between them.

MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1

 SECTION of SOLIDS

Types of projections

Semester I | Sri Renugambal School of Architecture, Polur | Architectural Drawing I

SECTION of SOLIDS

The projections are based on the position of the cutting plane to the reference planes

1. Cutting plane perpendicular to HP & parallel to VP

2. Cutting plane perpendicular to VP & parallel to HP

3. Cutting plane perpendicular to both VP & HP

4. Cutting plane inclined to HP & perpendicular to VP

5. Cutting plane inclined to VP & perpendicular to HP

MULTIVIEW PROJECTIONS Architectural drawing 1

 Cutting plane parallel to HP & perpendicular to VP

A right circular cone of 50mm base diameter and of altitude 60mm is lying on one of the
generators on HP, such that the axis of the cone is parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane
parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP and 30m above HP. Show the sectional plan and
elevation of the solid.
• Construct the top, front & side view of
the cone.

Cutting plane, front view & sectional top

view
• Draw VT of the cutting plane parallel and
above 30mm to XY

• Mark the new points 1’, 2’, etc., in front

view and project them in the top view to
get 1, 2, etc.

• Join these point and draw hatch lines to

show the sectional top view which also
shows the true shape of section.

• Complete the rest of the cone

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1
 Cutting plane perpendicular to HP & VP

A square pyramid of base 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on its base with a
side of base inclined at 30° to VP. It is cut by a plane which is perpendicular to both HP & VP
and it is 10mm away from the axis. Draw its top view, front view and sectional side view.

• Construct the top, front & side view of the

pyramid.

Cutting plane, front view & sectional side

view
• Draw VT & HT of the cutting plane
perpendicular to XY at 10mm away from
the axis. (either left or right side of the
axis)

• Mark the new points 1, 2, etc., in top view

and project them in the front vie to get 1’,
2’, etc.

• Draw horizontal line (locus) from 1’ to get

1” on a”o”
SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1
 Cutting plane inclined to VP & perpendicular to HP

• The points 2 and 3 are projected from top view to get 2” and 3” in the side view.

• Join 1”2”3” and show the true shape of the section by drawing hatch lines.

• Also show the remaining portion in the side view by drawing dark lines.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 Cutting plane inclined to HP & perpendicular to VP

A square pyramid of base 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on its base with one
side of base inclined at 30° to VP. It is cut by a plane inclines at 45° to HP & perpendicular to
VP and passes through the axis at a distance of 25mm from the apex. Draw its front view,
sectional top view and true shape of the section.

• Construct the top and front view of the

square pyramid.

Cutting plane, Front view & sectional top

view
• Draw the VT of the cutting plane inclined
at 45 degrees to XY passing through a
point at a distance of 25mm from the
apex.

• The new corners 1’ is obtained on slant

edge a’o’, 2’ on b’o’, 3’ on c’o’ and 4’ on
d’o’

• Show the remaining portions in front view

by drawing dark lines.
SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1
 Cutting plane inclined to HP & perpendicular to VP

• Project the new point 1’ to the top view to

get 1 on slant edge ao, 2’ to get 2 on bo, 3’
etc.

• Show the remaining portion in top view by

drawing dark lines and draw hatch lines to
mark the sectional top view.

TRUE SHAPE of SECTION

• Consider an AIP and draw the new
reference line x1y1, parallel to VT of cutting
plane

• Draw projectors passing through 1’, 2’, 3’

and 4’ – perpendicular to x1y1.

• The distance of point 1 in top view from XY

is measured and marked from x1y1 in the
projector passing through 1’ to get 11. This
is repeated to get other points 21, 31 & 41.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 Cutting plane inclined to HP & perpendicular to VP

A hexagonal prism of base side 25mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on one of its
base sides, with its axis inclined at 50° to HP and parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at
65° to HP & perpendicular to VP and is passing through the top most edges of the prism.
Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.

• Construct the top and front view of the

hexagonal prism.

• With an axis inclination of 50° draw the

front view of the hexagonal prism

Cutting plane, Front view & sectional top

view
• Draw the VT of the cutting plane inclined
at 65° to XY passing through the top most
edge a’1 (f’1) of the top base.

• Mark the new point 1’, 2’ etc in front view

and project them to get 1, 2, etc., in top
view.
• Join them to show sectional top view
SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1
 Cutting plane inclined to HP & perpendicular to VP

TRUE SHAPE of SECTION

• Draw x1y1 parallel to VT of the cutting plane.
• Draw projectors through 1’, 2’, etc., perpendicular to x1y1 line.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 Cutting plane inclined to VP & perpendicular to HP

A square prism of base 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP on one of its longer
edges with its axis parallel to both HP & VP. One of the faces containing the resting edge is
inclined at 45° to HP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40° to VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw
its top view, sectional front view and true shape of the section.

• Construct the top, front & side view of the

prism.

Cutting plane, Front view & sectional top

view

• Draw the HT of the cutting plane inclined

at 40° to XY passing through midpoint of
the axis.

• Name the points 1, 2, etc., in top view and

project them to get 1’, 2’, 3’ & 4’ to draw
the sectional front view and is shown by
drawing hatch lines.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 Cutting plane inclined to VP & perpendicular to HP

TRUE SHAPE of SECTION

• Draw x2y2 parallel to HT of the cutting

plane.

• Draw projectors through 1’1, 2’1, etc.,

perpendicular to x2y2 line. (take the
distance of 4’2’ to mark 4’1 2’1 )

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 Problems to solve

Submission date: 15th November 2013

Semester I | Sri Renugambal School of Architecture, Polur | Architectural Drawing 1

 1. A cylinder of base diameter 40mm 3. A square prism of base side 30mm and
and axis length 55mm is resting on axis length 60mm is resting on HP on
HP on its base. It is cut by a plane one of its base corners, with the base
inclined at 45 degrees to HP and sides containing the resting corner are
perpendicular to VP. The plane is equally inclined to HP. The axis of the
passing through a point on the prism is inclined at 45 degrees to HP
circumference of the top base. Draw and parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane
its front view, sectional top view and parallel to HP and perpendicular to VP
true shape of the section. and bisecting the axis of the prism.
Draw its front view and sectional top
2. A right circular cone of 60mm base view.
diameter and height of 70mm rests
on its base on HP. A section plane 4. A cylinder of base diameter 40mm and
perpendicular to HP and inclined to axis length 50mm is resting on HP on
VP at 45 degrees cuts the cone and is one of its generators with its axis
10mm in front of the axis. Draw its perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane
top view, sectional front view and inclined to VP and perpendicular to HP.
true shape of the section. It passes through a point on the front
base and diagonally opposite point on
the rear base. Draw its top view, front
view and true shape of the section.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 5. A sphere of diameter 50mm is cut by
a section plane inclined at 60 degrees
to VP and perpendicular to HP. The
section plane passes through the
sphere at a distance of 10mm from
the centre of the sphere and in front
of it. Draw the sectional front view
and true shape of the section.

6. A square pyramid of base 60mm and

axis length 100mm is resting on HP
on its base with a side of base
inclined at 45 degrees to VP. It is cut
by a plane perpendicular to both HP
& VP and is 5mm away from the axis.
Draw its top view, front view and
sectional side view.

SECTIONS of SOLIDS Architectural drawing 1

 End of lecture

Semester I | Sri Renugambal School of Architecture, Polur | Architectural Drawing 1