Project Presentation on

THE IMPROVE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC BATTERY BY USING

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR ON THE SILENCER OF BIKE
WITH THE HELP OF EXHAUST GAS

PREPARED BY :- (1) SHUBHAM . R. PAWAR

(2) ADITYA .R. RINGA
(3) JAYDEV .A. ZANJE
(4) NIRAJ.N. DESAI
(5) JYOT .P. JAISWAL
DEPARTMENT :- MECHANCAL
SEMESTER :- 5th SEM
GUIDED BY :- MR. JATIN PARMAR
Content
• Introduction
• Literature Review
 Outcome of literature survey and research gap
• Problem formulation
 Abstract
 Objective
• Project work
 Design selection
 Auto-cad design
 List of components used in model
 Theoretical power calculation
 Experimental data
 Conclusion
 Work planning
 References
 Introduction
• The automobile industry is one of the world’s
most important economic sectors. Automobiles
use IC engines, which have huge amount of
energy loss up to 70% in the form of heat.
• In the recent times, scientists have tried and
refined the automobile technology appreciably,
but could not control the loss in IC engine in the
form of waste heat.
• Thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device
which converts thermal energy directly into
electrical energy, using see beck effect.
• The use of TEG in automobile IC engine is a AUTOMOTIVE ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM
revolutionary idea, which reduce load on
alternator which charge the battery, thus
contributing to decreases in fuel consumption.
 Introduction
• The temperature of the ‘exhaust bend pipe surface’ through which exhaust gases are
flowing, ranges between 200 °C to 300°C.

• As this potential difference is created, voltage is produced using see beck effect. The
produced voltage is further amplified by using booster circuit and is tested across the
load.

• While improving the material properties could increase the efficiency up to 50% of
the stated Carnot efficiency, the efficient transfer of heat to/from the TEG is also
critical in the overall efficiency of the thermoelectric (TE) device.

• Thermoelectric generation is currently being explored for its power recovery

potential in automobiles. Out of the energy that comes from a combustion process in
an engine, 40% is lost through exhaust gases. Thermoelectric generators are
intended to capture some of this otherwise lost energy
 Literature review
NAME OF PAPER VOLUME NO CONCLUSION
A Review on Waste Heat Volume 06 It has been observed that there is a large amount heat is waste from the engine. Approximately
Recovery and Reused of Issue 09 heat lost by exhaust as is same to useful work produced by engine.
Exhaust Gases from Diesel September 2017 It is identified that there is large potential of energy saving through the use of waste heat recovery
Engines technologies.
This study shows the Benefits of waste heat recovery, Heat carried away by the exhaust gas,
various possible methods for heat recovery.
Comparison and Impact of ISSN 1996-1073 As a conclusion to that state of the art, major drawbacks of those technologies have been pointed
Waste Heat Recovery 14TH AUGUST out and several relevant performance indicators have been compared: efficiency, cost, technical
Technologies on Passenger 2014 maturity, packaging and weight to power ratio.
Car Fuel Consumption in a The models of three waste heat recovery systems have been built and calibrated based on
Normalized Driving Cycle measurement data. The results presented in this article only rely on quasi-steady state models.

Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery IJESRT ISSN By using waste heat recovery concept, we can save the fuel and utilized the waste heat also. There
for C.I Engine-A Review 2277-9655 is the large amount of energy- saving through waste heat.
NOVEMBER The biggest advantage is to improve cabin warm up performance. Thermo-Electric and Rankin
2014 cycle system “only” deliver minor fuel economy benefit over the NEDC (New European Drive
Cycle) test.
Review on Exhaust Gas Heat IJEIT Volume 2, Waste heat recovery defines capturing and reusing the waste heat from internal combustion
Recovery for I.C. Engine Issue 12, June engine for heating, generating mechanical or electrical work and refrigeration system.
2013 For waste heat recovery thermoelectric generator is use low heat, which has low efficiency. It is
 Literature review
NAME OF PAPER VOLUME NO CONCLUSION
Design and CFD IJSETR, CFD simulation techniques for heat recovery system, engines used in the heat recovery system, this
Investigation of Exhaust Volume 4, Issue details provides the research gap in the literature review, where low powered diesel engines plays
Gas Recovery System for 5, May 2015 important role in exhaust gas recovery system which can be used for multipurpose operation in rural
4SSC Diesel Engine” and urban areas.
Based on this a proposed system is developed with research methodology which shows the systematic
work involved in this project work.
A Review on Waste Heat Vol.5, No.4, Extent of literature available shows a continuously increasing interest of researchers, managements and
Recovery in Industries April 2017 E- engineers in recovering the heat.
ISSN: 2321- Efforts are being done to improve the recovery efficiencies by using the latest technological
9637 advancements and optimization methods.
Review on Recovery and BITCON 2015 The waste heat recovery from exhaust gas and conversion in to mechanical power is possible with the
Utilization of Waste Heat E-ISSN 2249– help of Rankine, Stirling and Brayton thermodynamic cycles, vapour absorption.
in Internal Combustion 8974 For waste heat recovery thermoelectric generator is use low heat, which has low efficiency. It is helpful
Engine for the same amount of increases in thermal efficiency and reduction in emission.
A case study on January 2014 A research was carried out to test three cases about the installation position of the thermoelectric
compatibility of generator.
automotive exhaust In future study, the method of simulation modeling with infrared experimental verification introduced
thermoelectric generation here in needs to be combined with heat transfer theory and materiality to serve for further structural
system, catalytic design and optimization of thermoelectric modules and TEG,
 Summary of literature review
• The recovery and utilization of waste heat not only conserves fuel but also reduces
the greenhouse gases and waste heat by increasing efficiency of engine.

• Mainly waste heat recovery from exhaust gas and converted in to mechanical work
and then convert into electrical power through thermoelectric generator.

• It has been identified that there are large potentials of energy savings through the use
of waste heat recovery technologies.

• The waste heat recovery from exhaust gas and conversion in to mechanical power is
possible with the help of Rankine, Stirling and Brayton thermodynamic cycles,
vapour absorption.

• A research was carried out to test three cases about the installation position of the
thermoelectric generator.
 Problem formulation
Abstract
• Our aim is to identify the hot spot at different section among the length of silencer.
• We are using the concept of conduction heat transfer through solid wall so we
transfer the energy by diathermic wall of silencer and utilize it.
• The system converts the waste heat from the exhaust manifold into electrical energy
using a TEG. The output is then boosted by a Joule Thief converter to run the
required load or to charge a battery.
• The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system recovers
considerable amount of waste heat which can be used to power some auxiliary
automobile devices.
• The converting of heat energy into electric energy is working on the principle of p-n
junction from hot body to cold body. So, from this how we can utilize waste energy
of engine which is passing through silencer is used for generating power, in other
way also we will utilize this energy for charging the battery so we can quickly
charge the battery, we can perform both the operation simultaneously.
 Problem formulation
Objectives

• Use of waste heat of exhaust gas for producing power with the concept of
conduction heat transfer.

• Use this power for operating electrical equipment’s as well as recharge the battery.

• Decrease the rate of battery recharge timing of the vehicle.

• Testing the performance of this setup on exhaust emission.

 Project work
Design selection

• Selecting the proper Silencer will ensure adequate and economical sound attenuation
for your application.
• The first step is to analyze your system and determine the amount of noise reduction
required. This is expressed as insertion loss in decibels when referring to silencer
acoustical performance data.
• You will also need to know the maximum amount of resistance you can add to the
air flow that your system can handle.
• This is expressed as static pressure drop in inches of water and is the additional
resistance the fan or air moving equipment in the system will have to be able to
overcome to maintain the same air flow and efficiency.
 Project work
Materials

• Unless otherwise noted, materials shall be the same type and grade as the duct
system in which the silencers are installed. Rectangular Silencers.

• All rectangular silencers shall be constructed with a 22-gauge steel outer casing and
22-gauge perforated steel. Circular Silencers

• All circular dissipative and reactive silencers with circular casings shall be
constructed with a steel casing gauge as noted below and 22-gauge perforated steel
 Project work
AutoCAD design of silencer

Figure:- AUTOCAD design of silencer

 Project work
List of components used in project
 Project work
Ready model picture
 Project work
Theoretical power calculation
• A thermoelectric module used for power generation has certain similarities to a conventional
thermocouple. Let us look at a single thermoelectric couple with an applied temperature difference as
shown in Figure.

FIGURE 6.1 SIGNAL THERMOELECTRIC COUPLE

• With no load (RL not connected), the open circuit voltage as measured between points a and b is:
V = S x DT
Where:
V = the output voltage from the couple (generator) in volts
S = the average Seebeck coefficient in volts/°K
DT = the temperature difference across the couple in K where DT = Th-Tc
 Project work
Theoretical power calculation
When a load is connected to the thermoelectric couple the output voltage (V) drops as a result of internal generator
resistance. The current through the load is:
S x DT
____________________
I=
RC + RL
Where:
I = the generator output current in amperes
Rc = the average internal resistance of the thermoelectric couple in ohms
RL = the load resistance in ohms
The total heat input to the couple (Qh) is:
Qh = (S x Th x I) – (0.5 x I2 x Rc) + (Kc x DT)
Where:
Qh = the heat input in watts
Kc = the thermal conductance of the couple in watts/°K
Th = the hot side of the couple in °K
The efficiency of the generator (Eg) is:
VxI
Eg = ____________________
Qh
 Project work
Theoretical power calculation
• We have thus far discussed an individual thermoelectric couple, but since a complete module
consists of a number of couples, it is necessary to rewrite our equation for an actual module, as
follows:
VO = SM x DT = I x (RM + RL)
Where:
VO = the generators output in volts
SM = the module’s average Seebeck coefficient in volts/°K
RM = the module’s average resistance in ohms

• For experimental power calculation

These are the data which we have assumed for the calculation from standard data.

1.S = the average Seebeck coefficient in volts/°K = 0.4

2.Rc = the average internal resistance of the thermoelectric couple in ohms = 1.8
3.RL = the load resistance in ohms = 1.8
 Project work
Experimental data
• Morning reading (11:00 am)
TABLE 6.1 EXPERIMENTAL READINGS-1
S. N Time Temp Temp Temp. S Rc Rl I = (S x DT) Power Actual power
(sec) of Hot of cold difference (volt/k) (ohms) (ohms) / (RC + RL) P = V *I V (volts) I (ampere) P = V * I (watt)
Th Tc ΔT = Th-Tc (theoretical)
1 30 305 304 1 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.11 0.044 0.02 0.001 0.000020
2 90 312.6 300.8 11.8 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.31 0.52 0.08 0.007 0.000560
3 120 314.8 300 14.8 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.64 0.65 0.08 0.009 0.000720
4 180 317.3 297.5 19.8 0.4 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.88 0.13 0.054 0.007020
5 240 322.2 295.8 26.4 0.4 1.8 1.8 2.93 1.17 0.27 0.191 0.051570
6 300 326.8 295 31.8 0.4 1.8 1.8 3.53 1.41 0.75 0.248 0.186000
7 360 336.4 293 43.4 0.4 1.8 1.8 4.82 1.92 1.53 0.41 0.627300
8 420 340.8 284.5 56.3 0.4 1.8 1.8 6.25 2.50 2.67 0.661 1.764870
9 480 359.3 289.3 70 0.4 1.8 1.8 7.77 3.11 3.12 1.103 3.441360
 Project work
Chart based on readings

Time Vs Power Temperature difference Vs Power

7.00 120.00
6.00 100.00
5.00 80.00
TD
4.00 60.00
POWER
3.00 40.00
2.00 20.00
1.00 0.00
0.00

7
05

11

33

66

79
35
30 90 150 210 270 330 390 450 510 570 600

E-

0.

1.

4.

5.
00
00

0.
2.
 Project work
Experimental data
• Evening reading (5:00 Pm)
TABLE 6.2 EXPERIMENTAL READINGS-2
S. N Time Temp Temp Temp. S Rc Rl I = (S x DT) Power Actual power
(sec) of Hot of cold difference (volt/k) (ohms (ohms) / (RC + RL) P = V *I V (volts) I (ampere) P = V * I (watt)
Th Tc ΔT = Th-Tc ) (theoretical)

1 30 301 299 2 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.222 0.08 0.01 0.001 0.00001
3 90 311.1 298.8 12.3 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.366 0.54 0.07 0.006 0.00042
4 120 312.5 298.4 14.1 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.566 0.62 0.08 0.009 0.00072
6 180 315.7 299 16.7 0.4 1.8 1.8 1.855 0.74 0.11 0.048 0.00528
8 240 317.1 297.2 19.9 0.4 1.8 1.8 2.211 0.88 0.25 0.178 0.04450
10 300 319.7 292.5 27.2 0.4 1.8 1.8 3.022 1.20 0.65 0.235 0.15275
12 360 323.4 289.1 34.3 0.4 1.8 1.8 3.811 1.52 1.4 0.401 0.56140
14 420 334.4 293.3 41.1 0.4 1.8 1.8 4.566 1.82 2.51 0.64 1.60640
16 480 353.8 288.2 65.6 0.4 1.8 1.8 7.288 2.91 3.01 1.05 3.16050
 Project work
Chart based on readings

Time Vs Power Temperature difference Vs Power

120
6
100
5
80
4
POWER 60 TD
3
40
2
20
1
0
0
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.25 1.22 2.17 4.25 5.12 5.23
30 90 150 210 270 330 390 450 510 570 600
Project work
Some glimpse of project
Project work
Some glimpse of project
 Project work
Conclusion
 As a part of conclusion from result of experiments there are so many things we achieved
and proved. Before we go to any conclusion, we should know that all the vehicles which
we used are waste their 40 % of energy during the exhaust we cannot change the
chemical formulation during the exhaust but from experiment we can see that the
temperature of silencer is around 130 to 140 degree Celsius so we have tried to recover
this energy and from the experiments.
 We have done two experiments one in the morning and other in the evening because
both the time have different temperature of atmosphere during the reading of morning,
we found maximum power of 5.2 volts per one Peltier and in the evening, we found 5
volts per one
 Peltier we can easily see from the experiment table that the maximum temperature
difference can give the maximum power output in the same way the engine running with
more time will give more results in volts.
 TABLE TIME CHART
ACTIVITY MONTH
June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018
Looking for the research
topic
Refer exhaust system
Work on exhaust gas
recovery
Finalized the topic based
on waste heat recovery
from exhaust
Work for the literature
review and make it for
collage presentation
Making a model of
silencer
Making setup

Take experimental data

Result and discussion/
 Project work
References
1. Vazquez, J., Sanz-Bobi, M., Palacios, R. Arenas, A. 2002. “State of the Art Thermoelectric
Generators Based on Heat Recovered from the Exhaust Gases of Automobiles.” Proc., 7th
European Workshop on Thermo electrics. Pamplona, Spain, Paper # 17.
2. www.thenewswheel.com
3. AMIT TIWARI, HIMANSHU VASNANI, DR. NEERAJ KUMAR, MAHENDRA LABANA
“A Review on Waste Heat Recovery and Reused of Exhaust Gases from Diesel Engines”
IJARSE Volume no.06, Issue No. 09, September 2017.
4. LEGROS ARNAUD, GUILLAUME LUDOVIC, DINY MOUAD, ZAÏDI HAMID AND
LEMORT VINCENT “Comparison and Impact of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies on
Passenger Car Fuel Consumption in a Normalized Driving Cycle” ISSN 1996-1073 August
2014
5. BALESHWAR KUMAR SINGH, DR. NITIN SHRIVASTAVA “Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery
for C.I Engine-A Review” IJESRT ISSN 2277-9655 NOVEMBER 2014.
6. J. S. JADHAO, D. G. THOMBARE “Review on Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery for I.C. Engine”
IJEIT Volume 2, Issue 12, June 2013.
7. BIBIN P VARGHESE, V HARIGANESH, AJISH SOMAN “Design and CFD Investigation of
Exhaust Gas Recovery System for 4SSC Diesel Engine” IJSETR, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
 Project work
References
7. MR. RUPESH SURYAVANSHI, PROF.A.D. PITALE “A Review on Waste Heat Recovery in
Industries” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.5, No.4, April 2017 E-
ISSN: 2321-9637
8. M. DUBEYA, A. ARORAA, H. CHANDRAB “Review on Recovery and Utilization of Waste
Heat in Internal Combustion Engine” BITCON 2015 E-ISSN2249–8974.
9. X. LIU, Y.D. DENG, S. CHEN, W.S. WANG, Y. XU, C.Q. SU “A case study on compatibility of
automotive exhaust thermoelectric generation system, catalytic converter and muffler” JANUARY
2014
10. A thesis by JECHAN LEE DR. MARCO J. CASTALDI, “A Study on Performance and
Emissions of a 4-stroke IC Engine Operating on Landfill Gas with the Addition of H2, CO and
Syngas.”
11. VASILE OVIDIU “theoretical and experimental analysis of Acoustic performances on the
multichambered Muffler” The 21st International Congress on Sound and Vibration 13-17 July,
2014, Beijing/China.
12. INC Panl-Flow HVAC and Industrial Silencers HVAC and Industrial Silencers selection
manual.
13. ROYAL ENFIELD MANUAL 350 CC CLASSIC
THANK YOU